LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

GIKT  OK 


Class 


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wo 

OLD  : 

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PERILS 


AND 


POSSIBILITIES 


A  Voice  of  Warning  and  an  Appeal  to  the 
Citizen  and  to  the  Nation. 


BY  G.  K.  OWEN 

**          •'"'   1 111^ 

§  R  A  V^^ 
-  Of  THt 

..NIYERSITY 


PUBLISHErTFmrTHE  AUTHOR 

BY 

PACIFIC  PRESS, 
OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA. 

1896. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1896,  by 

G.  K.  OWEN, 

In  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  Washington,  D.  C. 


All  rights  reserved. 


PREFACE. 

THOSE  who  have  been  carefully  watching  the  course  of 
national  and  individual  life  in  this  generation  will  not  require 
any  apology  of  the  author  for  this  attempt  to  call  the  attention 
of  our  fellow-citizens  to  the  subjects  contained  in  the  following 
pages.  Nor  would  he  indulge  the  thought  that  any  pen  has  the 
power  to  awaken  the  minds  of  those  whose  hearts  cannot  be  moved 
by  the  startling  events  daily  transpiring  around  us,  that  seem  to 
bring  a  warning  echo,  even  from  the  lifeless  rocks. 

He  who  can  look  on  in  silence  while  such  dangers  are  thicken- 
ing around,  or  who  has  only  flattering  words  to  speak,  is  not  his 
country's  friend;  and  he  who  only  looks  upon  the  darkest  side, 
pointing  out  no  star  of  hope,  is  little  better  than  an  enemy. 

In  preparing  this  volume,  the  object  has  been  to  call  attention 
to  a  few  of  the  perils  and  possibilities  that  may  suggest  more  care- 
ful thought  in  the  direction  of  a  higher,  nobler  life  for  the  indi- 
vidual and  the  nation. 

By  giving  careful  and  practical  heed  to  the  instruction  on 
"Human  Life"  and  on  "Memory"  valuable  lives  may  be 
saved,  and  physical  and  mental  power  may  be  greatly  increased. 

G.  K.  OWEN. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

PERILS  AND  POSSIBILITIES  OF  OUR  NATION  9 

WHAT  IS  LIFE? 34 

PERILS  AND  POSSIBILITIES  OF  HUMAN  LIFE  43 

THE  SCIENCE  OF  MEMORY            ...  76 

THE  FOUNTAIN  OF  LIFE          ....  94 

THE  CONFLICT 108 

ALGOMA 132 

BROKEN  BANDS 145 

A  VOICE  FROM  THE  SUMMER  LAND       .          .  150 
THE  BURIAL  MOUND  OF  KALAMAZOO        .  154 
HEALTH    AND    TEMPERANCE    ANALYSIS   (ap- 
pendix)            158 


PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 

OF    OUR    NATION. 


THE  greatest  worldly  riches  any  man  can  possess  are 
life  and  health,  with  a  good  constitution ;  a  sound  mind 
in  a  sound  body.  The  same  is  true  of  any  nation.  How 
strange  that  neither  individuals  nor  nations  seem  to 
appreciate  such  riches,  until  they  have  taken  their  flight! 
And  here  we  sit,  in  the  sunshine  of  peace,  the  favored 
children  of  the  grandest,  freest  nation  on  this  rolling 
earth.  And  how  many  of  us  appreciate  our  inheritance, 
or  ever  will,  until  we  are  left  as  homeless  orphans,  or  as 
helpless  slaves? 

There  was  a  time  when  it  was  said  that  "Europe  was 
one  great  battle-field,  where  the  weak  struggled  for 
freedom,  and  the  strong  for  dominion.  Kings  were  with- 
out power,  and  nobles  without  principle.  They  were 
tyrants  at  home  and  robbers  abroad."  But  the  time 
came  when  the 

INFANT    VOICE    OF    A    NEW-BORN    NATION 

was  heard  in  a  New  World,  declaring  that  '"'all  men  have 
a  right  to  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness." 
We  all  think  it  noble  for  any  class  of  men  to  defend 
their  own  rights,  but  to  defend  the  rights  of  others, 

"With  a  love  to  enfold 
All  men  as  brothers, 
Is  better  than  gold." 

(9) 


10  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 

The  great  problem  of  human  government  is  solved  by 
one  writer  in  few  words:— 

"What  constitutes  a  state? 
Men,  high-minded  men, 
Men  who  their  duties  know, 
And  know  their  rights, 
And,  knowing,  dare  maintain." 

Such  were  the  men,  the  high-minded  men,  who  estab- 
lished our  own  free  government;  and  by  such  only  can 
it  be  perpetuated.  If  this  thought,  in  all  its  fullness,  can 
be  permanently  impressed  upon  your  minds,  our  object 
on  the  present  occasion  will  be  accomplished.  While 
we  speak  on  the  "  perils  and  possibilities  of  our  nation," 
we  would  give  especial  emphasis  to  the  idea  of 

PERSONAL   RESPONSIBILITY. 

To  the  question,  "Where  is  thy  brother?"  you 
remember  Cain's  answer,  "I  know  not;  am  I  my  brother's 
keeper?" 

Yes,  we  are  our  "brother's  keeper,"  to  a  greater  extent 
than  we  are  apt  to  realize;  and  our  responsibility  does 
not  stop  with  a  few  of  our  nearest  relatives;  for  nations 
are  composed  of  individuals;  and  every  citizen  becomes 
responsible,  to  a  certain  degree,  for  the  character  and  life 
of  the  nation.  The  question,  "What  is  life?"  is  one  of 
much  interest  and  frequent  discussion.  Poets  sometimes 
tell  us  that  "life  is  but  an  empty  dream."  But  such  an 
empty,  dreamy,  aimless,  hopeless,  butterfly,  dime-novel 
sort  of  existence  as  some  call  life  is  not  worthy  the  name. 
True  life,  that  brings  present  joy,  and  bright  hope  for  the 
future,  is  described  by  Longfellow  in  his  "Psalm  of  Life," 
in  which  he  says: — 


OF    OUR    NATION.  11 

"Tell  me  not,  in  mournful  numbers, 

Life  is  but  an  empty  dream; 
For  the  soul  is  dead  that  slumbers, 

And  things  are  not  what  they  seem. 
Life  is  real,  life  is  earnest, 
And  the  grave  is  not  its  goal." 

As  in  the  real,  earnest  life  of  an  individual,  so  in  the 
life  and  history  of  a  nation,  it  is  well,  it  is  imperative, 
sometimes  to  pause  and  take  our  bearings,  and  seek  to 
ascertain  our  whereabouts.  And  as  we  do  this,  as  we 
seek  to  understand  our  position  in  this  world,  as  individ- 
uals and  as  a  nation,  we  would  present  before  your  minds 

A  PICTURE 

that  your  imagination  will  readily  paint  with  the  most 
glowing  colors.  We  will  hang  the  picture  right  up  here 
in  the  air;  but  your  minds  will  expand  it  far  beyond  the 
walls  of  this  room.  We  sometimes  illustrate  our  subject 
by  scenes  on  revolving  canvas;  but  pictures  can  only  aid 
the  imagination  to  see  the  reality,  and  he  sees  most  and 
best  who  sees  more  with  his  imagination  than  with  his 
eyes.  For  this  reason  we  ask  you  to  do  the  painting, 
while  we  draw  the  outlines  of  the  picture.  And  we  shall 
have  a  splendid  picture,  if  you  will  do  the  most  of  the 
work,  and  do  it  skilfully  and  well.  So  now  prepare 
your  most  beautiful  colors:  your  ultra-marine  to  paint 
the  deepest  bend  of  the  ocean  wave;  your  snowy  white 
to  frost  its  foaming  crest;  your  orange  and  your  crimson 
to  paint  the  rising  sun  in  all  its  blazing  glory.  But  hold 
your  bright  colors  for  a  moment.  There  may  be  some  of 
you  who  regard  the  cradle  picture  of  the  human  race  as 
a  negative,  or  only  as  a  beautiful  oriental  tale  composed 


12  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 

by  some  very  ancient  writer.  Others  may  regard  it  as 
positive;  but,  however  this  may  be,  let  us  all  look  upon 
the  picture,  and  then  upon  the  lesson  that  may  be  drawn 
from  it. 

Now  come  on  with  your  beautiful  colors.  Roll  back 
six  thousand  years,  ye  wheels  of  time.  But  no,  they 
never  roll  backward,  though  often  invited  to  do  so. 
They  are  ever  and  forever  rolling  on,  bearing  our  old 
ship  Chronos  over  the  high,  heaving  billows  of  the  sea  of 
life  toward  the  boundless  ocean  of  eternity.  Was  that 
thunder?  Hark!  Do  you  hear  the  roar  of  that  coming 
storm? 

But  even  now,  while  the  mountainous  waves  in  their 
fury  are  dashing  around  us,  and  old  Chronos  madly 
plunges  on,  we  find  ourselves 

"LOOKING  BACKWARD" 

over  the  voyage  of  life  of  the  human  race,  toward  the 
quiet  port  of  peace  from  which  we  started.  In  our  im- 
agination we  see  a  beautiful  garden.  Our  minds  can  hot 
picture  all  of  its  glory;  but,  as  we  gaze  through  the  mists 
of  the  ages  that  intervene,  faith  throws  her  radiant 
beams  upon  the  long-lost  Paradise;  and  the  soul  is 
enraptured  with  the  entrancing  beauty  of  that  Eden 
home.  The  morning  sun  is  just  pouring  its  rich  flood  of 
light  over  trees,  fruits,  and  flowers,  unmarred  by  devour- 
ing insect  or  withering  blight,  untouched  by  sin's 
destroying  curse.  But  who  are  those  two  majestic  beings, 
clothed  in  robes  of  light,  that  we  see  coming  along  that 
beautiful  winding  avenue?  How  their  countenances 
beam  with  intelligence,  innocence,  and  love!  My  friends, 
allow  me  the  privilege  of  introducing  to  you,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Adam.  But  hush!  Hark!  Hear  those  rapturous 


OF   OUR    NATION.  13 

strains  of  music  bursting  forth  as  they  enter  the  most 
lovely  spot  in  all  that  garden,  and  engage  in  their  morn- 
ing worship.  And  see  those  beautiful  birds  of  Paradise, 
with  such  shining  plumage,  alighting  on  all  the  trees, 
and  uniting  their  clear  clarion  notes  in  the  morning 
anthem  of  praise  to  their  Creator;  while  a  convoy  of  ten 
thousand  angels,  hovering  near  the  earth,  roll  down  their 
celestial  voices  from  the  vaulted  heavens,  to  blend  in  the 
chorus,  in  such  perfect  time  and  harmony.  And,  as  the 
last  note  rolls  away  in  heavenly  hallelujahs  through  the 
skies,  that  noble  king  and  queen,  who  were  crowned  with 
glory  and  honor,  and  given  dominion  over  all  the  earth, 
continue  their  walk  through  the  garden,  conversing 
about  the  wisdom  and  love  of  their  Creator,  as  revealed 
in  all  the  living  forms  of  grandeur  and  magnificence 
around  them.  The  hour  of  noon  lias  come;  and  we  see 
them  standing  beneath  the  wide-spreading  branches  of  a 
beautiful  tree  near  the  center  of  the  garden,  its  boughs 
all  bending  with  their  load  of  such  delicious  looking 
fruit;  and  yet,  between  them  and  that  fruit,  the  law  of 
prohibition  has  been  placed.  Order  is  said  to  be 
Heaven's  first  law.  Perhaps  prohibition  is  its  second; 
for,  as  nothing  good  can  exist  without  order,  neither  can 
order  be  perpetuated  without  prohibition.  But  see!  as 
they  stand  gazing  upon  that  tempting  fruit,  they  seem  to 
be  raising  their  hands  to  pluck  it.  Stop,  Adam!  0  Adam! 
Adam!  Would  y<»u  plant  the  seeds  of  misery,  untold 
anguish,  and  unutterable  woe,  to  be  inherited  by  the 
unborn  billions  yet  to  be  on  this  fair  earth?  Alas!  I 
have  spoken  six  thousand  years  too  late.  They  have 
plucked — they  have  tasted  the  forbidden  fruit.  Its 
strange  juice  flows  through  their  veins.  And  is  it  not 
still  flowing  through  yours,  through  mine?  They  yielded 


14  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 

to  temptation  on  the  point  of  appetite;  and  all  the  gen- 
erations that  have  followed  have  failed  on  the  same 
point. 

You  may  think,  perhaps  you  are  thinking,  that  you 
never  would  have  so  lightly  regarded  such  weighty 
responsibility  as  did  Adam,  when  he  raised  his  hand  to 
pluck  that  fruit.  And  we  do  not  know  that  there  was 
any  real  poison  in  its  juice.  But  stop!  What  deadly 
poison  is  that  which  you  are  about  to  raise  to  your  lips? 
Oh,  stay  your  hand,  and  think  for  one  moment  about  your 
responsibility!  You  shall  not  be  warned  six  thousand 
years  too  late.  Neither  was  Adam.  But  they  forfeited 
their  Eden  home,  and  their  robes  of  electric  light  with 
which  they  had  been  clothed  with  power  to  rule  the 
world. 

But  let  us  have  one  more  view  of  that  beautiful  garden. 
How  changed  the  picture!  For  now  we  miss  the  two 
chief  attractions.  They  are  hiding  amid  the  dense 
foliage  of  the  trees  of  the  garden;  for  they  have  felt  the 
earth  tremble  beneath  the  tread  of  the  Creator,  "walking 
in  the  garden  in  the  cool  of  the  day."  Then  Adam's 
name  is  called,  and  he  knows  that  his  hiding  is  in  vain. 

"WHERE  ART  THOU?" 

was  the  first  question  to  the  first  man,  the  father  of  the 
human  race,  spoken  by  Him  whose  voice  is  like  the 
sound  of  many  waters,  and  like  mighty  thunder.  That 
voice  of  grandest  music,  that  said,  "Light  be,"  and 
"light  was;"  that  Omnipotent  voice  that  spake,  and 
worlds  sprang  from  chaos,  into  the  perfection  of  beauty 
and  order,  in  obedience  to  Heaven's  first  law;  that  grand 
and  glorious  voice  that  said  to  the  rolling  ocean, 
" Hitherto  shalt  thou  come,  but  no  further,  and  here  shall 


OF    OUR    NATION.  15 

thy  proud  waves  be  stayed,"  according  to  Heaven's  sec- 
ond law  (prohibition);  that  voice — that  all  the  waters  of 
the  deluge  could  not  drown— rolling  down  the  ages, 
thundering  among  the  mountains,  and  echoing  from 
shore  to  shore,  across  all  the  oceans  and  plains  of  earth, 
comes  to  every  son  and  daughter  of  Adam,  and  to  every 
tribe  and  nation,  "Where  art  thou?"  Just  as  vain  as 
Adam  found  his  hiding-place,  will  be  every  attempt  to 
hide  from  this  question;  for  David,  the  inspired  poet, has 
said:  "If  I  ascend  up  into  Heaven,  thou  art  there;  if  I 
make  my  bed  in  hell,  behold,  thou  art  there.  If  I  take 
the  wings  of  the  morning,  and  dwell  in  the  uttermost 
parts  of  the  sea;  even  there  shall  thy  hand  lead  me,  and 
thy  right  hand  shall  hold  me."  And  this  question  will 
not  only  smite  upon  every  ear,  but  it  will  bring  an 
answer  from  every  tongue;  for  it  is  written,  "Every  knee 
shall  bow,  and  every  tongue  shall  confess."  And  so  the 
question  comes  to  every  one  of  us  to-day,  ''Where  art 
thou?"  We  are  living  in 

A  WONDERFUL    COUNTRY    AND    IX  A  WONDERFUL    AGE, 

in  which,  as  the  poet  has  said,  "To  be  living  is  sublime." 
The  world  has  had  its  age  of  giants,  large  skeletons  of 
which  are  sometimes  found.  It  has  had  its  age  of  massive 
architecture,  some  ancient  ruins  containing  stones  fifteen 
feet  thick,  seventeen  feet  wide,  and  sixty-nine  feet  long. 
It  has  had  its  golden  age,  its  age  of  poets,  its  age  of  dis- 
coveries, and,  0  my  nation,  my  native  land,  where  art  thou? 
The  voice  of  America  replies:  "  We  have  no  time  to  answer 
such  a  question.  We  have  harnessed  to  our  ship  the 
steeds  of  fire,  with  the  power  of  steam.  Our  whip  is  the 
forked  lightning,  and  dynamite  our  fuel.  Every  sail  is 
set  and  filled  with  cyclones,  and  onward  we  dash,  filling 


16 


PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES 


the  air  with  spray,  and  covering  the  ocean  with  foam." 
But  "where  art  thou?"  This  question  admits  of  no 
"local  option."  It  is  true  our  ship  is  driving  on  at  a  fear- 
ful speed,  but  whether  in  a  straight  line  toward  the  harbor 
of  peace  and  safety,  or  whirling  in  a  spiral  curve,  down 
the  wide,  open,  fathomless  throat  of  the  maelstrom,  is  the 
question  for  America  to  decide.  America,  where  art 


thou  to-day?  In  what  age?  Hark!  I  hear  the  answer: 
"In  the  fast  age;  in  the  age  of  inventions  and  improve- 
ments; the  age  of  startling  accidents  and  terrible  disasters, 
of  horrible  crimes,  and  fearful  responsibilities." 

There  seems  to  be  an  impression  upon  the  most  thought- 
ful minds  in  our  nation  that  we  are  approaching  some 
awful  crisis,  in  which  the  destiny  of  nations  will  be 
involved.  The  world  is  anxiously  watching  the  march  of 


OF   OUR    NATION. 


17 


our  republic,  as  so  beautifully  expressed  in  those  familiar 

lines : — 

"Thou  too  sail  on,  O  ship  of  state; 
Sail  on,  O  Union,  strong  and  great. 
Humanity,  with  all  its  fears, 
With  all  its  hopes  of  future  years, 
Is  hanging  breathless  on  thy  fate." 

And  shall  we  sleep  on  while  the  fate  of  the  world  hangs 
trembling  in  the  balance?  If  anything  can  be  done  to 
arouse  us  to  a  sense  of  our  danger,  and  we  care  enough 
for  the  fate  of  our  nation  to  seek  for  a  remedy,  we  shall 
begin  to  realize  the 

IMPORTANCE   OF    EDUCATION 

as  never  before.  But  are  we  not  doing  all  that  could  be 
desired  in  the  work  of  education? 
We  are  thankful  for  what  is  being 
done  in  the  right  direction,  but 
there  is  a  kind  of  education  being 
carried  on  in  our  streets  that  consti- 
tutes one  of  the  most  threatening 
perils  of  our  nation.  I  was  reading 
a  while  ago  the  wTords  of  one  writer, 
who  said: — 

"  You  send  your  sons  to  school  to 
the  professors,  but  the  boys  in  the 
street  educate  them." 

Do  you  realize  what  a  sad  truth 
these  words  express?  Have  you  ever  seen  the  results 
of  this  street  education?  In  the  summer  of  1864  I  took 
an  order  for  a  book  of  the  son  of  a  merchant  in  the  city 
of  Marshall,  Michigan.  When  I  came  around  to  deliver 
the  book,  the  boy  said:  "We  have  our  trial  to-day,  and 
2 


18  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 

I  do  not  know  as  I  can  take  the  book  till  I  see  how  that 
comes  out.  We  have  done  a  good  deal,  but  I  do  not 
believe  they  can  prove  it."  Then  he  said:  "We 

ORGANIZED  A  THIEVING  CLUB, 

and  they  appointed  me  chief.  One  member  of  the  club 
stole  a  watch,  and  he  was  so  bungling  about  it  that  he 
got  caught,  and  so  we  were  all  exposed."  I  learned  from 
the  citizens  that  their  thieving  club  was  composed  of 
fifteen  or  twenty  boys,  from  twelve  to  fifteen  years  of  age. 
In  their  street  education  they  had  learned  to  pick  locks, 
and  had  stolen  quite  an  amount  of  goods  from  freight 
cars  and  other  places,  and  were  storing  them  in  one  of 
the  large  sewers  of  the  city  until  they  could  prepare 
a  cave  in  the  woods  in  which  to  hide  them.  When  I 
was  at  Napa,  California,  I  learned  of  a  similar  band  of 
boys  that  was  organized  there.  A  part  of  their  work  was 
to  burn  buildings.  They  kept  a  record,  not  only  of  the 
crimes  they  had  committed,  but  also  of  those  they  had 
planned  to  commit. 

Some  of  the  words  of  Dr.  Beecher  on  the  "Necessity  of 
Education,"  that  I  read  when  a  schoolboy,  are  still  in 
my  memory.  He  says : — 

"We  must  educate.  We  must  educate,  or  we  must 
perish  by  our  own  prosperity.  If  we  do  not,  short  will 
be  our  race  from  the  cradle  to  the  grave.  If  in  our  haste 
to  be  rich  and  mighty  we  outrun  our  literary  and  relig- 
ious institutions,  they  will  never  overtake  us;  or  only 
come  up  after  the  battle  of  liberty  is  fought  and  lost,  as 
spoils  to  grace  the  victory,  and  as  resources  of  inexorable 
despotism  for  the  perpetuity  of  our  bondage.  And  let 
no  man  at  the  east  quiet  himself  and  dream  of  liberty, 
whatever  may  become  of  the  west.  We  can  not  stand 


OF    OUR    NATION.  19 

aloof  in  the  hour  of  her  calamity,  should  it  ever  come. 
Her  destiny  is  our  destiny.  In  the  day  that  her  gallant- 
ship  goes  down,  our  little  boat  sinks  in  the  vortex.  And 
yet  what  is  done  must  be  done  quickly,  for  population 
will  not  wait,  commerce  will  not  cast  anchor,  manufacto- 
ries will  not  shut  off  the  steam,  nor  shut  down  the  gate. 
And  agriculture,  pushed  by  millions  of  freemen  on  their 
native  soil,  will  not  withhold  her  corrupting  abundance." 

In  his  closing  words  he  says: — 

"It  took  Rome  three  hundred  years  to  die;  and  our 
death,  if  we  perish,  will  be  as  much  more  terrific  as  our 
intelligence  and  free  institutions  have  given  us  more 
bone,  sinew,  and  vitality.  May  God  hide  from  me  the 
day  when  the  dying  agonies  of  my  country  shall  begin." 

When  these  words  were  written,  and  when  we  used  to 
read  them  in  school,  you  remember  how  we  used  to  talk 
of  the  north,  the  south,  the  east,  and  the  west  of  our  coun- 
try; but  now  it  is  our  country,  our  home,  bound  together 
by  its  network  of  railroads,  telegraphs,  and  telephones;  its 
restless  inhabitants  rushing  to  and  fro  across  its  broad 
fields,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  and  from  the  lakes 
to  the  gulf,  without  leaving  home.  And  it  is  not  only 
our  home,  but  its 

DOORS  HAVE  BEEN  THROWN  OPEN  TO  THE  NATIONS  OF  THE 

EARTH; 

and  the  overflowing  inhabitants  of  other  countries  have 
come  swarming  to  our  shores.  And  while  they  come  to 
seek  refuge  from  oppression,  and  to  be  fed  upon  the  rich 
products  of  our  soil,  they  bring  a  large  amount  of  strong 
muscle  to  be  used  in  our  forests,  mines,  and  shops.  But 
there  is  another  side  to  this  picture.  What  is  to  be  the 
result  of  this  large  influx  of  humanity,  with  their  foreign 


20  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES 

opinions,  if  the  education  of  our  American-born  citizens 
is  so  neglected,  or  so  misdirected,  as  to  become  one  of  our 
nation's  greatest  perils? 

In  the  unceasing  conflict  between  truth  and  error, 
between  right  and  wrong,  between  light  and  darkness, 
the  final  result  largely  depends  upon  the  education  of  the 
people.  Right  in  the  midst  of  all  our  boasted  achieve- 
ments in  science  and  art,  and  our  flourishing  institutions 
of  learning,  the  people,  as  Hosea  predicted,  are 

"DESTROYED    FOR   LACK   OF   KNOWLEDGE;" 

and  education  is  still  the  great  want  of  the  age.  The 
work  of  education  is  not  simply  to  form  great  plans,  and 
to  draw  the  outlines,  but  it  is  bound  to  carry  those  plans 
on  to  perfection.  When  the  artist  has  drawn  the  outlines 
of  a  landscape,  and  sketched  some  of  its  most  prominent 
features,  his  labor  is  but  just  begun.  His  great  work  is 
to  fill  up  and  complete  the  picture,  counterfeiting  the 
thousands  of  smaller  objects  by  the  finest  strokes  of  the 
brush.  The  work  of  reformation  and  civilization  through- 
out the  world  is,  even  to-day,  like  the  rude  outlines  of  an 
immense  picture.  The  great  work  of  filling  up  is  not  yet 
accomplished.  Every  generation  seems 

INCLINED    TO   GRADUATE   PREMATURELY. 

We  are  too  apt  to  stand  at  our  ease,  with  folded  arms, 
gazing  with  admiration  upon  what  has  been  accomplished 
by  men  of  other  days,  such,  for  instance,  as  the  reformers, 
or  the  patriots  of  the  Revolution,  and  to  think,  "What  a 
responsible  position  they  occupied!"  without  remember- 
ing our  own  obligation.  But  a  greater  work  lies  before 
us. 


OF   OUR    NATION.  21 

AND    WHO   WILL    ARM    FOR   THE   CONFLICT? 

Alarming  symptoms  of  the  mortal  disease  of  our  nation 
are  rapidly  increasing.  The  terrible  elements  of  disunion, 
that  have,  like  the  shock  of  an  earthquake,  shaken  the 
temple  of  freedom  to  its  very  foundation,  and  the  political 
corruption  that  has  been  manifested  in  our  land  during 
the  past  few  years,  can  not  fail  to  awaken  in  every  loyal 
heart,  feelings  of  the  most  deep  and  thrilling  emotion. 
The  blessings  with  which  we  have  always  been  sur- 
rounded have  become  so  common  that  we  hardly  know 
how  to  prize  them.  You  remember  those  happy  days 
when  we  used  to  assemble  on  the  birthday  of  our  nation, 
and,  surrounded  by  the  richest  blessings  of  the  land  of 
liberty,  we  would  sing  those  soul-stirring  anthems  of 
freedom,  and  listen  to  the  orator's  eloquent  story  of  our 
nation's  victories  and  prosperity.  How  our  glad  hearts 
would  glow  with  thankfulness  for  the  rich  inheritance 
that  has  descended  to  us  from  our  forefathers!  And  shall 
such  blessings  as  these  be  ours  no  longer?  Shall  we 
claim  them  only  in  the  fading  memories  of  the  past; 
only  as  relics  of  history?  Shall  the  prediction  of  Dr. 
Beecher  concerning  the  dying  agonies  of  our  country,  be 
realized  by  this  generation?  Only  a  few  years  ago,  while 
the  lovely  orb  of  liberty  was  veiled  in  sorrow  by  the  dark 
cloud  of  war,  and  traitors  were  seeking  to  lay  in  ruins  the 
great  American  temple  of  freedom,  we  were  aroused  from 
our  careless  slumber  by  the  thunder  tones  of  the  most 
solemn  warning,  reminding  us  of  our  responsibility  as 
American  citizens,  and  of  the  obligation  we  are  under, 
not  only  to  preserve  the  dearly-bought  prize,  but  to  carry 
on  the  great  work  of  freedom  that  was  so  well  begun  in 
the  foundation  of  our  grand  republic. 


Of  THE 

-  NIYERSITY 

OF 


22  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 

The  most  powerful  motives  for  immediate  and  earnest 
action  are  those  of  patriotism.  The  fondest  memories 
that  cling  around  our  native  homes  and  firesides,  the 
firmest  ties  that  unite  society,  and  the  dearest  bonds  of 
friendship,  call  upon  us  to  cherish  and  sustain  the  pre- 
cious privileges  and  free  institutions  of  our  native  land. 
Advocates  of  the  same  great  cause  labored  long  and  well 
in  the  Old  World,  to  establish  a  liberal  form  of  govern 
ment,  and  to  open  to  mankind  the  gates  of  freedom.  But 
ours,  if  we  fail  not,  will  be  the  first  example  of  complete 
success.  Among  all  nations  and  forms  of  government, 
ours  stands  without  a  parallel.  This  is  the 

GREATEST  EXPERIMENT  OF  SELF-GOVERNMENT 

the  world  has  ever  attempted;  and  should  this,  after  all, 
prove  a  failure,  what  then?  But  why  speak  of  failure? 
Is  not  our  government  established  upon  a  firm  founda- 
tion, and  mighty  in  military  power? — Certainly.  But  if 
in  these  sources  we  find  oar  only  hope,  our  only  trust,  we 
shall  surely  fall.  Although  our  beautiful  ship  of  state 
has  outweathered  fearful  storms,  yet,  without  the  most 
earnest  and  unfaltering  efforts  on  our  part,  her  destruction 
will  be  as  certain  as  the  destruction  of  the  weakest  tree  of 
the  forest,  beneath  the  crash  of  the  falling  thunderbolt. 

A  short  time  since  and  some  of  us  would  have  scorned 
the  idea  of  danger;  but  events  of  the  past  few  years  have 
taught  us  a  lesson  that  I  hope  we  shall  never  forget. 
The  danger  which  threatens  us  is  not  that  we  lack  military 
power,  nor  that  our  soldiers  want  courage;  for  when  the 
lightnings  told  throughout  the  land  that  the  good  old 
Star  Spangled  Banner  had  been  insulted  on  the  walls  of 
Sumter,  thousands  were  ready,  with  their  lives,  to  defend 
it.  Neither  is  it  that  we  have  not  competent  leaders;  but- 


OF    OUR   NATION.  23 

Greece  and  Rome  were  not  without  their  examples  of 
noble  men  who  fought  and  labored  long  and  well  for  the 
best  interests  of  their  countries,  yet  their  sad  fate  is  well 
known  and  we  are  warned  to  avoid  the  rocks  on  which 
they  split. 

Such  a  government  in  such  a  country  as  ours  can  not 
be  trusted  in  the  hands  of  the  few.  It  is  not  sufficient  to 
be  able  to  say,  "There  are  noble  men  in  our  land  ;"  for  a 
great  government  can  only  be  sustained  by  a  nation  com- 
posed of  great  men.  To  what  source,  then,  shall  we  look 
for  these  "guards  of  liberty"?  Here  is  a 

WORK  THAT  MUST  BE  ACCOMPLISHED  BY  EDUCATION. 

And  when  we  speak  of  the  importance  of  education,  of 
course  we  mean  of  the  right  kind;  for  the  full  and  final 
results  of  education  in  the  right  direction  reach  even 
unto  Heaven;  but  in  the  opposite  direction,  down  to  hell. 
And  the  first  great  lesson  to  be  taught,  is  the  lesson  of 
self-government.  This  term  will  be  but  an  empty  name 
in  the  nation  unless  its  principles  be  learned  and  prac- 
ticed by  the  individuals  composing  the  nation.  "Young 
America"  understands  the  term  to  mean,  "for  every  one 
to  have  his  own  way."  But  that  is  just  the  opposite  of 
all  government.  Woe  to  the  nation  ruled  by  a  majority, 
when  that  majority  are  blinded  with  ignorance.  Woe  to 
the  nation  ruled  by  a  majority,  intrusted  with  the  pow- 
ers of  government,  and  appointed  as  the  guards  of  virtue, 
when  that  majority  are  controlled  by  the  most  corrupt 
principles  that  the  imagination  of  fallen  men,  with  the 
aid  of  fallen  angels,  can  invent.  Woe  unto  the  nation 
ruled  by  a  majority,  holding  the  nation's  freedom  in  their 
hands,  when  that  majority  are  constantly  binding  and 
riveting  upon  themselves  the  chains  of  voluntary  slavery. 


"We  are  Warned  to  Avoid  the  Rocks  on  Which  They  Split.' 


OUR    NATION.  25 

But  is  it  possible  for  a  majority  of  this  great  nation  to 
become  so  corrupt  as  to  endanger  the  life  of  the  govern- 
ment? Danger?  Do  you  believe  your  senses  when  you 
see  it  in  their  looks  and  actions,  hear  it  in  their  speeches 
and  songs,  and  find  its  rank  poison  mingled  in  the  very 
air  you  breathe?  And  do  you  ask, 

"WHO  ARE  SLAVES?" 

Read  the  answer  in  the  lives  (or  rather  the  dreamy  exist- 
ence) of  the  poor  playthings  of  fashion.  Read  it  in  the 
virulent  black  cloud  and  disgusting  flood  (poisoning 
earth's  atmosphere  and  staining  earth's  purity)  that  issue 
from  the  thousands  of  broad  fields  of  tobacco  that  are 
annually  exhausting  the  best  soil  of  our  country.  Then 
if  the  answer  is  not  sufficient,  let  the  howling  winds  of 
uncontrolled  passion  whistle,  and  the  angry  cataract  of 
"Rum  River"  roar  the  answer  into  your  ear.  In  behalf 
of  the  rising  generation,  and  in  the  name  of  Freedom, 
and  all  that  every  true  heart  holds  dear,  we  would 

APPEAL  TO  THE  TEACHERS  OF  OUR  LAND. 

Behold  your  fellow-citizens,  your  nation,  trembling  on 
the  very  brink  of  ruin,  and  tell  me,  do  you  see  any  work 
to  do?  Parents,  if  our  nation  is  to  be  saved  from  ruin, 
the  work  can  not  be  commenced  too  early  with  your  chil- 
dren. They  must  learn  the  lesson  of  self-control.  Sound 
principles  must  be  instilled  into  their  young  minds  to 
give  them  that  independence  of  character  that  will  not 
allow  them  to  bow  as  the  willing  slaves  of  every  foolish 
fashion  and  disgusting  habit  that  have  become  popular. 
Teach  them  that  true  independence  does  not  consist  in 
disrespect  toward  parents  and  teachers,  and  disregard  for 
the  authority  and  judgment  of  all  their  superiors.  Teach 


YOTTNQ  AMERTHA    IN    PERIL. 


OUR    NATION.  27 

them  that  to  observe  strict  order  in  the  family,  the  school, 
and  the  public  assembly  is  not  simply  to  accommodate 
some  one  else,  but  is  for  their  own  best  interest,  and  is  the 
most  important  part  of  their  education.  Teach  them  the 
words  of  Solomon:  "He  that  is  slow  to  anger  is  better 
than  the  mighty;  and  he  that  ruleth  his  spirit,  than  he 
that  taketh  a  city." 

But  when  we  come  to  speak  of  the  possibilities  of  our 
nation,  we  must  remember  that  he  who 

DARES  TO  DRAW  THE  CURTAIN, 

and  reveal  to  his  generation  the  possibilities  that  lie 
almost  within  their  reach,  must  expect  to  meet  the  doubts, 
the  opposition,  and  sometimes  even  the  persecution,  that 
have  ever  blocked  the  wheels  of  human  progress.  For, 
teaching  that  the  earth  moves,  Galileo  was  persecuted  till 
he  was  compelled  to  abjure  the  beautiful  theory  of  Coper- 
nicus concerning  our  planetary  system.  But  it  is  said 
that  after  he  had  repeated  the  abjuration,  he  stamped  his 
foot  upon  the  earth,  and  indignantly  muttered: — 


Four  hundred  years  ago,  when  Columbus  proposed  to 
follow  the  setting  sun  across  the  wide  and  trackless  waste 
of  waters  to  India,  the  world  said,  "  It  is  impossible."  But, 
pressing  right  through  all  the  doubts,  discouragements, 
and  opposition  that  were  flung  in  his  face,  he  found  for 
us  this  beautiful  country  that  we  call  "the  land  of  the 
free,  and  the  home  of  the  brave." 

"My  country  'tis  of  thee, 
Sweet  land  of  liberty, 
Of  thee  I  sing." 


PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

And  when  this  New  World  had  been  discovered,  then 
came  the  question,  "Will  it  be  possible  for  Europeans 
ever  to  establish  permanent  homes  in  this  wide  wilder- 
ness of  savages?  "  When  this  problem  had  been  solved, 
and  the  British  yoke  had  become  too  intolerable  to  be 
borne  by  the  toiling  colonists,  "  Would  it  be  possible  to 
throw  it  from  their  necks,  and  establish  an  independent 
nation?"  Many  doubting  ones  opposed  the  effort,  and 
joined  the  ranks  of  the  enemy.  John  Adams,  believing 
in  American  possibilities,  wrote,  in  1775: — 

"  Soon  after  the  Reformation,  a  few  people  came  over 
to  this  New  World  for  conscience'  sake.  Perhaps  this 
apparently  trivial  incident  may  transfer  the  great  seat  of 
empire  to  America." 

Again,  on  the  day  after  the  signing  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  he  wrote  :— 

"  Yesterday  the  greatest  question  was  decided  that  was 
ever  debated  in  America;  and  a  greater,  perhaps,  never 
was  nor  will  be  decided  among  men." 

Well,  you  know  the  rest ;  how  that  in  that 

UNEQUAL  CONTEST  OP  AN  INFANT  NATION 

against  one  long  schooled  in  the  art  of  war,  the  perils 
sometimes  seemed  almost  to  hide  the  possibilities,  even 
from  the  eyes  of  the  heroes  of  the  Revolution.  The 
glorious  victory  was  followed  by  peace  and  prosperity; 
and  yet  many  wonderful  inventions  were  needed  to  make 
our  country  what  we  see  it  to-day.  When  it  was  proposed 
to  run  vessels  across  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  steam,  a  gentle- 
man over  in  England  said,  "  I  will  eat  the  boiler  of  the 
first  steamboat  that  crosses  the  Atlantic."  Don't  yon 
think,  if  that  gentleman  were  living  to-day,  and  should 
visit  some  of  our  largest  harbors,  that  he  could  "make 
out  a  good  square  meal  "  ? 


30  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 

Robert  Fulton  was  made  the  butt  of  ridicule  while  he 
was  building  his  first  steamboat;  and  even  after  he  had 
made  one  successful  trip,  they  did  not  believe  that  he 
could  do  it  again.  But  one  after  another  the  needed 
inventions  have  just 


of  doubt  and  opposition,  until  the  progress  of  our  nation 
has  become  a  wonder  to  the  world.  And  yet  one  insti- 
tution, that  never  could  harmonize  with  the  free  spirit  of 
our  republic,  has  grown  up  and  continued  to  spread  its 
darkening  shadow  over  our  fair  land,  until,  in  that  final 
deadly  conflict  between  freedom  and  slavery,  it  was  man- 
ifest that  the  two  could  no  longer  dwell  together  on  the 
same  continent;  and,  contrary  to  the  expectation  of 
many  opposers,  another  great  possibility  was  demon- 
strated in  our  nation. 

There  are,  within  our  reach,  though  still  unreached, 
possibilities  more  important  than  anything  yet  accom- 
plished by  man.  The  work  of 

EMANCIPATION    FROM    SLAVERY    IS    ONLY    COMMENCED. 

There  is  a  slavery  more  dangerous,  more  degrading  to  the 
human  soul,  than  were  the  galling  fetters  with  which  the 
African  was  bound.  Its  victims  are  far  more  numerous, 
and  usually  claim  to  be  more  intelligent ;  but  their 
master  is  a  cruel  despot.  Would  you  know  the  initials  of 
his  name  ?  Listen  while  I  whisper  them  softly :  ALCOHOL 
and  TOBACCO.  The  effect  of  the  poisonous  nicotine  on 
the  physical  and  mental  powers  of  our  young  men,  is  the 
cause  of  a  fearful  discount  on  the  sum  of  our  nation's 
talent.  But  this  is  only  one  of  the  many  causes  at  work, 
that  foretell  certain  ruin  unless  a  remedy  can  be  provided. 


OF    OUR    NATION.  31 

Arguments  seem  superfluous  when  facts  are  so  abun- 
dantly demonstrated.  The  records  of  Harvard  Univer- 
sity are  said  to  show  that  for  fifty  years  not  one  student 
that  used  tobacco  has  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class, 
although  five  used  it  to  one  who  did  not.  Oh,  that  I  had 
the  power  to  picture  the  possibilities  within  the  reach  of 
the  American  people  if  slavery  was  really  abolished,  and 
all  their  talents  and  their  means  were  turned  into  useful 
channels.  But  who  would  believe  the  story?  I  will  not 
take  the  time  to  dwell  upon  the  magnitude  of  our  coun- 
try, the  richness  of  its  soil,  nor  its  inexhaustible  mineral 
wealth;  neither  do  I  design  on  this  occasion  to  talk 
about  monopolies,  and  many  other  threatening  perils 
that  demand  attention ;  but  I  will  give  you  the  conclu- 
sion of  Josiah  Strong,  of  New  York,  the  national  secretary 
of  the  Evangelical  Alliance.  After  a  careful  estimate  of 
our  national  resources,  he  says  :— 

"  It  need  not,  therefore,  make  a  very  severe  draft  upon 
credulity  to  say  that  our  agricultural  resources,  if  fully 
developed,  would  sustain 


We  hardly  see  any  limit  to  our  possibilities,  save  in 
the  doubting  mind  and  opposing  will  of  man.  But 
while  we  let  our  minds  expand  into  the  broad  field  and 
pleasing  theme  of  our  possibilities,  we  might  easily  forget 
about  our  perils.  If  anything  is  to  be  done  to  save  our 
nation  from  its  impending  doom,  we  must  be  about  the 
work  at  once,  or  it  may  be  too  late.  And  yet  many  are 
saying,  "  I  see  no  danger."  But  in  these  very  words 
they  express  the  greatest  source  of  our  danger,  and 
confess  the  verv 


32  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 


in  the  fact  that  Americans  do  not  see  their  danger. 
Had  Greece  and  Rome  seen  their  danger,  they  need  not 
have  fallen  a  prey  to  the  rude  barbarian.  Our  greatest 
danger  is  not  always  amid  the  bursting  shells  and  boom- 
ing cannon  on  the  open  field  of  battle ;  for  then  the  very 
excitement  may  be  sufficient  to  arouse  every  human 
element  in  self-defense.  But  the  danger  to  be  feared  in 
this  nation  is  when  the  corruption  of  the  social  cancer  is 
silently  eating  out  the  very  vitals  of  its  unconscious  vic- 
tims, while  the  "siren  song"  of  "  peace  and  safety"  is 
lulling  them  into  the  "sleep  that  knows  no  waking." 
Vain  is  the  cry  of  "peace,"  until  a  few  more  stones  are 
laid  in  a  foundation  for  peace. 

But  whatever  be  the  hopes  that  flatter  to  deceive,  of 
this  one  thing  be  assured,  that  unless  we  do  become  more 
fully  awakened  from  the  deceitful  slumber  that  is  bind- 
ing us,  the  destiny  of  nations  that  have  flourished  and 
fallen  before  us,  will  be  our  destiny. 


WHAT    IS    LIFE? 

"For  what  is  your  life?  It  is  even  a  vapor,  that  ap- 
peareth  for  a  little  time,  and  then  vanisheth  away." 
James  4 : 14. 

Such  is  the  inspired  picture  of  human  life,  as  it  ap- 
pears and  disappears  in  this  world  of  sunshine  and 
shadows,  of  hopes  and  disappointments.  As  you  walk 
upon  the  hill  top,  you  see  a  vapor  hanging  over  the  val- 
ley. After  speaking  a  few  words  with  a  friend,  you  look 
for  the  vapor,  and  it  is  gone.  You  turn  to  speak  again  with 
your  friend,  and  he  has  disappeared  in  a  darker,  deeper 
valley,  leaving  you  to  walk  alone  for  a  little  time,  and 
then  you  find  yourself  passing  down  into  the  shadow  of 
the  same  dark  valley.  You  may  recognize  this  as  a  pic- 
ture of  human  life  in  general,  or  of  the  life  of  your  friend 
who  so  suddenly  vanished  from  your  sight;  but  what  is 
your  life?  Can  it  be  so  brief  and  uncertain?  And  as 
you  look  over  the  record  of  your  life,  do  you  find  it  a 
pleasing  picture?  Who  has  not  indulged  the  vain  wrish 
to  tread  the  same  path  once  more ;  not  simply  to  taste 
again  its  joys,  but  rather  to  correct  its  sad  mistakes. 
As  your  spirit  has  been  humbled,  and  your  heart  sad- 
dened by  your  own  life  picture,  have  you  not  often  in  the 
anguish  of  your  soul  inquired,  "Is  there  no  surer,  purer, 
higher,  holier  life  to  live?"  "  For  what  is  your  life?  It 
is  even  a  vapor,"  so  mysterious,  so  transitory,  so  un- 
availing. 

Let  us  abbreviate  the  question,  and  ask, 

(34) 


WHAT    IS    LIFE?  OO 

WHAT   IS    LIFE? 

How  often  the  ancient  hills  and  mountains  have 
mocked  us  by  sending  the  empty  echo  back;  and  yet  our 
restless  spirit  still  repeats  the  question,  "What  is  life?'' 
But  who  of  our  race  has  ever  lived  to  solve  the  mystery? 
Life  is  only  known  as  a  manifestation  of  force.  Where  no 
force  is,  we  discover  no  life.  There  are  two  things  in  the 
universe,  matter  and  force.  But  who  can  understand 
either?  We  can  talk  about  them,  but  who  can  fully 
explain  them?  Force  is  manifested  in  many  different 
ways,  and  we  give  it  various  names  according  to  the 
different  modes  of  action,  as  gravitation,  heat,  light,  elec- 
tricity, etc.  Force  is  the  cause  of  all  the  forms,  proper- 
ties, and  motions  of  matter.  The  force  that  causes  all 
the  voluntary  motions  of  the  body,  we  call  the  will. 
When  we  throw  a  ball,  it  continues  to  move  by  the  force 
imparted  by  the  will,  even  after  the  ball  has  left  the 
hand.  Millions  of  larger  balls  are  moving  in  the  uni- 
verse, with  no  visible  hand  accompanying  them.  Is  not 
their  motion  continued  by  the  same  will  that  started 
them?  As  all  the  matter  in  the  universe  is  controlled 
by  force,  this  universal  force  must  be  the  infinite  will  of 
an  all-wise  Being.  Character  is  the  result  of  the  exercise 
offeree.  Right  or  wrong  character  is  the  result  of  right 
or  wrong  action.  But 

WHAT   IS   SPIRIT? 

Is  it  not  something  independent  of  either  matter  or 
force?  According  to  Jer.  10: 12,  the  earth  was  made  by 
the  power  of  God:  "He  hath  made  the  earth  by  his 
power."  From  Gen.  1 : 2  we  learn  that  this  work  was 
done  by  his  Spirit:  "The  Spirit  of  God  moved  upon  the 
face  of  the  waters."  The  Lord  promised  to  send  the 


36  .      PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

disciples  "power  from  on  high."  Luke  24:49:  "And, 
behold,  I  send  the  promise  of  niy  Father  upon  you;  but 
tarry  ye  in  the  city  of  Jerusalem,  until  ye  be  endued 
with  power  from  on  high."  In  fulfilment  of  this  prom- 
ise of  power,  he  sent  them  his  Holy  Spirit.  Acts  2:  4: 
"And  they  were  all  filled  with  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  be- 
gan to  speak  with  other  tongues,  as  the  Spirit  gave  them 
utterance."  Hence  we  conclude  that  the  Spirit  of  God  is 
his  power;  and  that  the  spirit,  power,  force,  will,  or  life 
of  a  Being  of  infinite  wisdom  controls  all  the  matter  in 
the  universe,  by  gravitation,  heat,  light,  electricity,  and 
all  the  various  ways  in  which  his  infinite  force  is  mani- 
fested. He  must  be  the  only  source  to  which  we  can 
look  for  the 

ORIGIN    OP   LIFE. 

This  Being  of  infinite  power  must  be  the  Author  of  all 
the  life  in  the  universe,  as  we  learn  from  John  5:26: 
"  For  as  the  Father  hath  life  in  himself;  so  hath  he  given 
to  the  Son  to  have  life  in  himself."  Here  we  learn  of  a 
Being  in  whom  life  is  inherent ;  and  the  Son  is  one  with 
him  in  this,  as  also  stated  in  John  1:4:  "In  him  was 
life;  and  the  life  was  the  light  of  men."  Had  the  Author 
of  life  no  power  to  transmit  life,  there  could  be  no  other 
life  in  the  universe.  But  the  Father  and  the  Son  have 
power  to  bestow  the 

GIFT    OF   LIFE. 

John  5:21:  "  For  as  the  Father  raiseth  up  the  dead, 
and  quickeneth  them;  even  so  the  Son  quickeneth  whom 
he  will."  So  great  was  their  desire  that  our  race  might 
continue  to  enjoy  the  bliss  of  life  (even  after  we  had  for- 
feited it),  that  the  Father  gave  his  Son,  and  the  Son  gave 
himself  for  that  very  purpose.  John  3:16:  "  For  God  so 


WHAT   IS    LIFE?  87 

loved  the  world,  that  he  gave  his  only-begotten  Son,  that 
whosoever  believeth  in  him  should  not  perish,  but  have 
everlasting  life."  Titus  2:14:  "Who  gave  himself  for 
us,  that  he  might  redeem  us  from  all  iniquity,  and  purify 
unto  himself  a  peculiar  people,  zealous  of  good  works." 

THE  MISSION  OF  THE  LIFEGIVER 

to  this  earth  is  declared  in  John  10:10:  "I  am  come 
that  they  might  have  life,  and  that  they  might  have  it 
more  abundantly."  He  came  "that  they  might  have 
life."  Had  not  his  mission  to  this  earth  been  planned 
when  man  fell,  we  should  never  have  had  even  this  brief, 
flickering  life,  that  so  soon  passes  as  a  vapor.  The  vio- 
lated law  demanded  that  the  cradle  of  the  human  race 
should  be  their  grave.  But  he  came,  not  only  "that 
they  might  have  life,"  but  "that  they  might  have  it 
more  abundantly."  To  give  this  more  abundant  life 
seems  to  be  the  especial  mission  that  brought  him  "down 
from  heaven."  John  6: 33:  "  For  the  bread  of  God  is  he 
which  cometh  down  from  heaven,  and  giveth  life  unto 
the  world."  As  our  natural  lives  are  sustained  by  the 
bread  (or  food)  that  we  eat.  so  we  are  to  receive  the  more 
abundant  life  from  him.  But  it  will  be  received  only  by 
those  who  make 

THE    CHOICE   OF   LIFE. 

Our  present  life  was  given  without  our  choice;  but  not 
so  with  the  "  more  abundant,"  enduring  life.  Moses 
says,  in  Deut.  30: 19,  "I  call  heaven  and  earth  to  record 
this  day  against  you,  that  I  have  set  before  you  life  and 
death,  blessing  and  cursing;  therefore  choose  life,  that  both 
thou  and  thy  seed  may  live."  Although  the  better  life  is 
so  freely  offered  to  all  who  will  choose  it,  Jer.  8:3  fore- 


38  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

tells  that  "  death  shall  be  chosen  rather  than  life  by  all 
the  residue  of  them  that  remain  of  this  evil  family." 
The  Saviour  found  this  prediction  true  when  he  was  on 
the  earth;  for  he  says,  in  John  5  :  40,  "And  ye  will  not 
come  to  me,  that  ye  might  have  life."  Not  only  is  life 
placed  within  our  reach,  but  it  is  the  will  of  the  Author 
of  life  that  it  shall  be  ours  ;  and  he  tells  us 

HOW    IT   MAY    BE    OBTAINED, 

in  John  6:  39 :  "And  this  is  the  Father's  will  which  hath 
sent  me,  that  of  all  which  he  hath  given  me  I  should 
lose  nothing,  but  should  raise  it  up  again  at  the  last 
c!ay."  The  life  that  we  are  invited  to  choose  has  been 
purchased  at  an  infinite  price;  and  yet  it  is  offered  to  us 
for  a  look  of  faith.  John  6 : 40  :  "And  this  is  the  will 
of  Him  that  sent  me,  that  every  one  which  seeth  the 
Son,  and  believeth  on  him,  may  have  everlasting  life; 
and  I  will  raise  him  up  at  the  last  day."  It  is  "  life  for  a 
look."  John  3 : 14, 15:  "And  as  Moses  lifted  up  the  serpent 
in  the  wilderness,  even  so  must  the  Son  of  man  be  lifted 
up;  that  whosoever  believeth  in  him  should  not  perish, 
but  have  eternal  life." 

The  Father  is  not  only  willing  for  us  to  have  life,  but 
he  draws  us  by  his  Spirit  toward  the  Lifegiver.  John 
6:44:  "  No  man  can  come  to  me,  except  the  Father  which 
hath  sent  me  draw  him ;  and  I  will  raise  him  up  at  the 
last  day."  Again,  verse  54  says,  "Whoso  eateth  my 
flesh,  and  drinketh  my  blood,  hath  eternal  life;  and  I  will 
raise  him  up  at  the  last  day."  Now  we  have  read  four 
times  the  assurance  of  eternal  life  at  the  last  day,  to  those 
who  believe  on  Christ ;  but  here  we  have  the  present 
tense,  ''hath  eternal  life."  And  so  we  have  in  verse  47: 
"  He  that  believeth  on  me  hath  everlasting  life."  Also 


WHAT    IS    LIFE?  39 

in  John  3:36:  "He  that  believeth  on  the  Son  hath 
everlasting  life ;  and  he  that  believeth  not  the  Son  shall 
not  see  life  ;  bat  the  wrath  of  God  abideth  on  him."  In 
what  sense  can  this  be  true? 

HOW   CAX    WE    NOW    HAVE   ETERNAL   LIFE? 

Perhaps  an  illustration  may  help  our  minds  to  grasp 
the  idea.  Suppose  here  is  a  street-car  standing  upon  the 
track.  Every  part  of  the  machinery  is  perfect,  and  fitted 
for  running,  but  it  has  no  power  to  move.  Just  above 
the  car  there  is  a  wire  that  is  connected  with  an  electric 
battery  far  away  beyond  our  sight.  Let  the  eternal  force 
that  is  manifested  as  electricity  in  that  wire  represent 
eternal  life.  Perhaps  the  illustration  may  be  already 
completed  in  your  minds.  You  can  see  that  the  short 
piece  of  wire  that  is  used  to  connect  the  car  with  the 
electric  wire,  represents  faith.  As  soon  as  we  make  the 
connection,  it  is  not  only  a  reaching  up  for  power,  but  it 
puts  power  into  the  machine  so  that  the  car  moves 
swiftly  along  the  track,  while  it  holds  connection  with 
that  eternal  force ;  and  even  after  the  connection  is 
broken,  the  car  moves  on  by  the  limited  force  that  it  has 
received,  until  its  momentum  is  overcome.  There  may 
be  force  enough  in  the  car  to  cause  it  to  move  ten  rods  if 
its  progress  is  not  hindered ;  but  the  conductor  may  put 
on  the  brake  gently,  so  that  it  will  move  but  nine  rods; 
or  he  may  apply  it  with  more  power,  so  that  the  car 
moves  but  five  rods,  or  only  one  rod.  When  Adam  was 
created,  he  was  connected  with  the  source  of  life,  and 
could  have  access  to  the  tree  of  life.  While  he  continued 
to  hold  that  connection  by  faith,  he  could  live ;  but  by 
unbelief,  resulting  in  disobedience,  the  connection  was 
broken;  yet  even  then,  the  limited  life  or  force  within 


40  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

him  would  still  carry  him  forward  for  about  a  thousand 
years,  if  he  would  obey  all  the  laws  of  life ;  but  it  seems 
probable  that  he  put  on  the  brake  a  little;  for  he  livec1 
only  nine  hundred  and  thirty  years;  and  then  his  mo- 
mentum was  exhausted.  His  limited  life  or  force  had 
all  run  out.  And  that  is  just  what  the  human  family 
have  been  doing  ever  since.  They  have  been  "  putting 
on  the  brake,"  till  human  life,  like  a  vapor,  "  appeareth 
but  for  a  [very]  little  time,  and  then  vanisheth  away." 

And  yet,  as  the  electricity  continues  in  the  wire  above 
the  car  after  the  connection  is  broken,  so 

"  There  is  a  life  above, 
Unmeasured  by  the  flight  of  years," 

with  which  we  may  again  make  connection  by  faith,  and 
thus  "lay  hold  on  eternal  life."  1  Tim.  6:12.  When 
eternal  life  thus  becomes  ours,  it  can  only  be  forfeited  by 
sin.  According  to  Rom.  8:39,  even  death  itself  shall 
not  "  be  able  to  separate  us  from  the  love  of  God;"  so 
that  eternal  life  will  still  be  ours,  to  be  seized  again  by 
the  faith  of  those  who  are  awakened  from  a  period  of 
sleep  that  will  seem  to  them  no  longer  than  "a  moment, 
the  twinkling  of  an  eye."  To  all  who  receive  immor- 
tality at  the  last  trump,  whether  by  translation  or  by 
resurrection,  the  change  will  seem  equally  sudden. 
1  Cor.  15:51,  52:  "  Behold,  I  show  you  a  mystery  We 
shall  not  all  sleep,  but  we  shall  all  be  changed,  in  a 
moment,  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  at  the  last  trump; 
for  the  trumpet  shall  sound,  and  the  dead  shall  be  raised 
incorruptible,  and  we  shall  be  changed."  To  the  con- 
sciousness of  those  who  are  awakened  from  that  sleep, 
there  will  seem  to  be  no  break  in  life. 

The  life  that  we  all  inherit  from  Adam  has  been  for- 
feited ;  and 


WHAT   IS   LIFE?  41 

WHOSE   LIFE   WILL    BE   GIVEN    US? 

Paul  says,  in  Col.  3 :  3, 4:  "For  ye  are  dead,  and  your  life 
is  hid  with  Christ  in  God.  When  Christ,  who  is  our  life 
shall  appear,  then  shall  ye  also  appear  with  him  in  glory." 
Then  the  "  more  abundant  life  "  is  in  safe  keeping,  "  hid 
with  Christ  in  God."  Again,  in  Gal.  2:  20,  Paul  says,  "  I 
am  crucified  with  Christ;  nevertheless  I  live;  yet  not  I, 
but  Christ  liveth  in  me;  and  the  life  which  I  now  live  in 
the  flesh  I  live  by  the  faith  of  the  Son  of  God,  who  loved 
me,  and  gave  himself  for  me."  There  is  comfort,  there  is 
hope,  there  is  life  in  these  words  for  those  who  will  accept 
them  as  they  read:  "Who  loved  me,  and  gave  himself 
for  me."  Only  in  Christ  is  there  hope  of  life.  1  John 
5  : 11, 12 :  "And  this  is  the  record,  that  God  hath  given 
to  us  eternal  life,  and  this  life  is  in  his  Son.  He  that 
hath  the  Son  hath  life  ;  and  he  that  hath  not  the  Son  of 
God  hath  not  life." 


HUMAN    LIFE. 


(  Theoretical, 

i 

/Origin.            <  Inspired, 
(Scientific 

>•  Testimony. 

/'Mineral,           ^ 

1  Vegetable, 
Relations. 
I  Animal, 

^  Kingdoms. 

^Spiritual 

r  Attitude, 

Endowments.  }  Form 

Mechanism. 

Man.  / 
j 

/Fibrous, 

Adipose, 

Anatomical     J 
Elements.     } 

Osseous, 
Cartilaginous, 

>  Tissues. 

Xervous, 

. 

1 

i  Muscular 

\ 

/Bony,                  , 

-  Motive. 

Muscular.          ' 

\  Organic 

Xervous,            ) 
Sensor\T.             I 

-  Intellectual 

. 

Systems.     * 

, 
Circulatory,     \ 

Respirator}7,      ' 
Digestive, 
\Excretorv. 

>.  Reparative. 

ANALYSIS    A. 


(43) 


44  PERILS  AND  "POSSIBILITIES. 

It  has  been  said  that  "the  proper  study  of  mankind  is 
man."  If  this  ha  true,  the  most  important  branch  of  his 
education  is  generally  the  most  neglected,  and  whether 
true  or  not,  it  is  a  study  of  which  he  has  ever  present  and 
constant  opportunities. 

Human  theories  of  the 

ORIGIN    OF    MAN, 

such  as  the  Darwinian  theory,  are  not  worthy  of  our  time 
and  attention,  as  none  of  them  account  for  the  origin  of 
life.  No  other  explanation  is  worthy  to  be  compared 
with  the  inspired  testimony  in  Gen.  2:7:  "And  the  Lord 
God  formed  man  of  the  dust  of  the  ground,  and  breathed 
into  his  nostrils  the  breath  of  life;  and  man  became  a 
living  soul." 

This  record  is  in  harmony  with  the  highest  develop- 
ments of  science,  although  it  goes  beyond  them.  Man  is 
a  material  being,  formed  originally  of  the  dust.  The 
word  "dust"  may  here  refer  to  matter  in  its  finest  condi- 
tion, even  to  the  ultimate  atoms  of  which  all  the  matter 
in  the  universe  is  composed.  These  atoms  may  be  all 
exactly  alike,  different  kinds  of  matter  (even  those  kinds 
that  are  considered  elementary)  differing  only  on  account 
of  the  arrangement  of  the  atoms  and  the  manner  in 
which  they  are  held  together  and  otherwise  controlled  by 
force.  According  to  the  Bible  record,  the  One  who,  by  His 
unlimited  force,  controls  all  the  matter  in  the  universe, 
and  molds  and  fashions  according  to  His  will,  took  some 
of  these  atoms  and  arranged  them  in  such  harmony  with 
the  highest  Pattern  in  the  universe  that  man  is  said,  in 
Gen.  1 :  27,  to  be  made  "in  the  image  of  God."  There  are 


HUMAN    LIFE.  45 

TWO    PRIMARY    ELEMENTS    IN    THE   UNIVERSE, 
MATTER   AND    FORCE. 

If  there  is  anything  else,  what  is  it?  Force  is  the  cause 
of  all  the  forms,  properties,  and  motions  of  matter.  Can 
matter  have  any  other  modifications?  Every  form  in 
which  matter  was  ever  arranged,  it  must  have  been  so 
arranged  by  force.  Every  property  that  matter  ever  pos- 
sesses must  depend  upon  how  the  atoms  are  arranged 
and  controlled  by  force.  All  the  matter  in  the  universe 
is  controlled  by  force.  Force  appears  in  an  almost  infinite 
variety  of  ways,  in  connection  with  matter,  but  we  know 
of  no  possibility  of  its  being  revealed  separate  from  mat- 
ter. Neither  can  form,  property,  nor  motion  exist  without 
matter.  It  would  be  equally  impossible  to  explain  how 
character  could  exist  independent  of  matter;  therefore 
science  has  pronounced 


In  all  the  infinite  variety  of  ways  in  which  matter  is 
arranged,  we  find  life  only  in  connection  with  organized 
matter.  The  manifestation  of  life  seems  to  commence 
with  the  lowest  form  of  organization,  and  to  increase  with 
its  advancement,  the  most  perfect  manifestation  of  life 
being  connected  with  the  highest  development  of  organi- 
zation. Hence  the  conclusion  that 

"ORGANIZATION  is  THE  BASIS  OF  LIFE." 

''And  the  Lord  God  formed  man  of  the  dust  of  the 
ground,  and  breathed  into  his  nostrils  the  breath  of  life; 
and  man  became  a  living  soul."  Gen.  2:7. 

What  a  world  of  meaning  is  comprehended  in  these 
few  words!  It  involves  the  work  of  arranging  the  atoms 


46  PERILS   AND   POSSIBILITIES. 

of  lifeless  matter  into  thousands,  yes,  millions  of  organs, 
each  designed  and  fitted  for  a  special,  important  use,  giv- 
ing a  degree  of  life  to  each,  and  combining  them  into  one 
harmonious,  though  marvelously  complicated,  organiza- 
tion, in  which  is  developed  intelligence  superior  to  that 
of  all  other  creatures  on  the  earth. 
As  we  consider  man's 

RELATIONS, 

in  the  light  of  the  facts  already  presented,  it  is  evident 
that  he  is  connected  with  each  of  the  four  kingdoms, 
mineral,  vegetable,  animal,  and  spiritual.  As  a  material 
being  he  possesses  all  the  essential  properties  of  the 
mineral.  The  laws  of  his  organization  and  growth  are 
many  of  them  very  similar  to  those  of  the  vegetable.  It 
is  from  the  vegetable,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  that  he 
obtains  the  building  material  for  his  body.  His  vege- 
table relatives  are  constantly  doing  him  valuable  service 
by  collecting  the  mineral  elements,  organizing  them,  and 
lifting  them  into  the  lowest  form  of  life;  but  they  can 
never  lift  themselves  into  a  higher  kingdom.  When  the 
work  of  vegetable  organization  is  completed,  it  has  reached 
the  limit  of  its  capacity,  and  can  only  wait  passively  in 
the  hand  of  a  superior  Being  to  be  lifted  into  a  higher 
life.  The  vegetable  seems  to  be  the  proper  connecting 
link  between  the  animal  and  the  mineral,  as  the  vege- 
table feeds  upon  the  mineral,  and  the  animal  seems  natu- 
rally designed  to  feed  upon  the  vegetable;  but  man  often 
presses  his  more  humble  brethren  of  the  animal  kingdom 
into  service  in  the  place  of  the  vegetable.  Is  it  any 
wonder  that  these  humble  brethren  sometimes  follow  the 
example,  and  that  the  spirit  of  violence  prevails  in  what 
should  be  a  kingdom  of  peace?  As  man,  standing  at  the 


HUMAN    LIFE.  47 

head  of  the  animal  kingdom,  looks  down  the  scale  of  life, 
th  rough  all  its  divisions  and  subdivisions,  he  seems  to 
claim  the  right  to  rule  over  and  trample  down  all  other 
varieties  of  his  fellow-creatures;  but  he  often  inflicts  the 
greatest  injuries  upon  his  own  species,  and,  in  many  cases, 
the  most  unceasing  and  lifelong  abuse  upon  himself.  He 
seems  naturally  to  regard  himself  as  the  highest  order  of 
being  in  the  universe,  responsible  only  to  himself  for  his 
actions,  and  worthy  of  the  respect  and  service  of  all  other 
creatures.  But  when  he  lifts  his  eyes  to  the  heavens,  how 
his  spirit  sinks  into  the  valley  of  humility,  as  the  thought 
flashes  through  his  mind  that  some  of  those  numberless 
shining  worlds  above  may  be  inhabited  by  beings  of 
intelligence  and  power  as  far  superior  to  him  as  he  is 
above  the  most  humble  creature  on  the  earth ;  and  the 
thought  that,  although  by  creation  and  original  organiza- 
tion he  also  belongs  in  the  spiritual  kingdom,  yet  he  has 
so  fallen  from  his  first  estate  as  to  be  as  completely  incapa- 
ble of  lifting  himself  fully  into  that  kingdom  again  as  the 
vegetable  is  of  lifting  itself  into  the  animal  kingdom,  and 
can  only  be  lifted  there  by  some  being  of  a  higher  order, 
who  is  a  full  citizen  of  that  kingdom,  having  never  fallen ! 
David  seems  almost  overwhelmed  with  a  sense  of  man's 
insignificance,  as  he  gazes  into  the  upper  deep.  In  Ps. 
8:3-5  he  says:  "When  I  consider  thy  heavens,  the  work 
of  thy  fingers,  the  moon  and  the  stars,  which  thou  hast 
ordained;  what  is  man,  that  thou  art  mindful  of  him? 
and  the  son  of  man,  that  thou  visitest  him  ?  For  thou 
hast  made  him  a  little  lower  than  the  angels,  and  hast 
crowned  him  with  glory  and  honor.  Thou  madest  him 
to  have  dominion  over  the  works  of  thy  hands;  thou  hast 
put  all  things  under  his  feet;  all  sheep  and  oxen,  yea,  and 
the  beasts  of  the  field ;  the  fowl  of  the  air,  and  the  fish  of 


48  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

the  sea,  and  whatsoever  passeth  through  the  paths  of  the 
seas."  Here  we  find  man's  relationship  declared  in  few 
words,  placing  him  at  the  head  of  the  Creator's  works  on 
this  earth,  but  "a  little  lower  than  the  angels."  Of  the 
glory  and  honor  with  which  man  was  crowned  before  the 
fall,  we  are  not  very  well  prepared  to  speak;  but  to  some 
of  Adam's  race  this  glory  will  be  revealed  in  the  future. 
The  "glory  and  honor"  in  which  man  once  stood  at  the 
head  of  the  animal  kingdom,  can  still  be  faintly  traced  in 
his  superior 

ENDOWMENTS. 

The  natural  attitude  of  man  is  more  noble  than  that  of 
any  other  creature  on  the  earth.  To  be  convinced  of  this 
fact,  one  need  only  to  imagine,  for  a  moment,  a  man 
assuming  the  attitude  of  any  other  animal.  Nor  could 
less  be  said  of  the  symmetry  of  the  human  form.  David's 
heart  was  filled  with  praise  to  his  Creator,  while  reflecting 
upon  the  wonderful  mechanism  of  the  human  body.  In 
Ps.  139:14  he  says,  "I  will  praise  thee  ;  for  I  am  fearfully 
and  wonderfully  made;  marvelous  are  thy  works;  and 
that  my  soul  knoweth  right  well." 

When  we  carefully  reflect  upon  the  skill  with  which 
the  hand,  the  eye,  the  ear,  the  brain,  and  the  vocal  organs 
can  be  taught  to  do  their  work,  we  can  begin  to  appre- 
ciate the  thought  with  which  the  psalm  is  inspired.  Per- 
haps the  most  sublime  and  solemn  thought  concerning 
this  wonderful  piece  of  mechanism,  is  that  it  is  designed 
to  be  the  temple  of  the  divine  Architect,  as  we  learn  from 
1  Cor  3:16:  "Know  ye  not  that  ye  are  the  temple  of  God, 
and  that  the  Spirit  of  God  dwelleth  in  you?  " 

Matter  in  its  lowest  form  of  animal  organization, 
appears  as  a  sort  of  jelly-like  substance,  called  protoplasm, 


49 

in  which  there  is  a  faint  manifestation  of  life;  and  the 
biography  of  some  species  of  the  animal  kingdom  goes 
but  little  beyond  this,  as  the  amoeba,  the  jelly-fish,  etc. 
In  all  the  classes  of  a  higher  order,  this  protoplasm  is 
formed  into  cells,  and  the  cells  are  arranged  in  various 
ways,  so  as  to  form  the  several  kinds  of  building  mate- 
rial, or 

ANATOMICAL    ELEMENTS 

of  which  the  body  is  composed,  namely,  the  fibrous  tissue 
(white  and  yellow),  the  adipose  (or  fatty)  tissue,  the  osseous 
(or  bony)  tissue,  the  cartilaginous  tissue,  the  nervous  tissue, 
and  the  muscular  tissue.  Of  these  different  kinds  of 
building  material,  are  formed  the 

ORGANIC   SYSTEMS 

that  compose  the  body, — the  bony,  muscular,  nervous, 
sensory,  circulatory,  respiratory,  digestive,  excretory,  etc. 
Each  one  of  these  systems,  or  sets  of  organs,  when  in  its 
normal  condition,  is  so  wonderfully  constructed,  and  so 
marvelously  adapted  to  the  kind  of  work  for  which  it  is 
designed,  that  their  many  voices  seem  to  blend  in  perfect 
harmony  in  David's  song  of  praise:— 

"I  will  praise  thee; 
For  I  am  fearfully  and  wonderfully  made." 

Ps.  139:14. 

"Bless  the  Lord,  0  my  soul; 
And  all  that  is  within  me, 
Bless  his  holy  name." 

Ps.  103:1. 

An  understanding  of  the 

IMPORTANCE    OF    THE    ORGANIC   SYSTEMS 

will  reveal  the  necessity  of  preserving  them  in  their  best 


50  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES 

condition,  in  order  to  avoid  the  perils  and  secure  the 
possibilities  of  human  life.  The  principal  purposes  of  the 
bony  system  are  support,  protection,  and  motion.  If  not 
supported  by  the  bones,  we  should  sink  into  a  heap  of 
soft  tissue.  Without  their  protection,  any  slight  pressure 
upon  the  brain  might  cause  unconsciousness,  insanity,  or 
death.  Without  their  help  in  locomotion,  we  should 
hardly  be  able,  in  a  race,  to  compete  writh  a  snail,  or  even 
with  a  jelly-fish.  Without  the  muscular  system,  we  could 
only  be  posted  up  to  scare  away  the  crows.  But  what 
would  men  be  without  the  sensory  and  nervous  systems? 
Ideas  come  from  without,  through  the  sensory  organs. 
These  impressions  are  conducted  by  the  nerves  to  the 
nerve  centers,  where  they  are  recorded  by  the  brain  cells. 
We  reason  concerning  the  ideas  that  are  thus  recorded, 
we  compare  them,  we  judge  them,  by  the  action  of  the 
brain.  We  could  have  no  idea  of  color  if  we  had  no 
organ  of  sight.  One  who  was  born  blind  was  asked  the 
question,  "What  is  your  idea  of  blue?"  The  blind  per- 
son replied,  "I  think  it  is  like  the  sound  of  a  bell."  With- 
out the  organ  of  hearing,  we  could  have  no  idea  of  sound, 
nor  could  we  have  any  idea  of  taste,  smell,  nor  feeling, 
except  through  their  respective  organs. 

Destroy  all  the  organs  of  sense,  and  no  ideas  could  be 
introduced  into  the  mind.  Destroy  the  brain,  and  there 
could  be  no  brain  action  concerning  any  idea  or  impres- 
sion, nor  any  means  of  recording  any  impression.  How 
could  mind  exist  under  such  circumstances?  Without 
the  circulatory,  respiratory,  digestive,  and  excretory  sys- 
tems, to  carry  away  the  constantly  breaking-down  cells 
and  other  waste  matter,  and  to  supply  new  material  to  all 
parts  of  these  ever-changing  bodies,  all  of  their  organs 
\vould  soon  be  destroyed,  and  man  would  soon  be  turned 


HUMAN   LIFE.  51 

to  corruption;  and  of  this  human  form  there  would  soon 
be  left  "nor  track,  nor  trace."  Or,  as  Bryant  says:— 

"Yet  a  few  days,  and  thee 
The  all-beholding  sun  shall  see  no  more 
In  all  his  course;  nor  yet  in  the  cold  ground, 
Where  thy  pale  form  was  laid  with  many  tears, 
Nor  in  the  embrace  of  ocean,  shall  exist 
Thy  image.     Earth,  that  nourished  thee,  shall  claim 
Thy  growth,  to  be  resolved  to  earth  again; 
And,  lost  each  human  trace,  surrendering  up 
Thine  individual  being,  shalt  thou  go 
To  mix  forever  with  the  elements, 
To  be  a  brother  to  the  insensible  rock." 

The  question, 

"WHAT  is  MAN?" 

is  an  ancient,  mysterious,  and  unsolved  problem.  In 
connection  with  the  thought  that  the  Majesty  of  the  uni- 
verse should  "be  mindful  of  him,"  and  even  "condescend 
to  visit  him,"  it  may  be  a  marvelous  enigma  to  all  the 
unfallen  worlds.  This  must  be  so  if  they  know  how 
inconsistent  with  his  most  vital  interests  man's  actions 
are. 

With  our  present  facilities,  our  knowledge  of  the  sub- 
ject must  be  ever  limited  in  this  life ;  and  yet  we  may 
receive  some  rays  of  light,  if  we  keep  before  our  minds 
the  design  of  the  Divine  Architect  in  the  formation  of  this 
temple.  Man  is  more  than  a  building;  he  is  a  manufac- 
tory, well  supplied  with  skilfully  prepared  and  very 
complicated  machinery.  But  he  is  far  more  than  this; 
every  part  of  the  building  is  capable  of  wonderful  and 
important  movements;  and  this  power  is  possessed  by  the 


52  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

machinery  itself.  This,  like  all  other  machinery,  is  con- 
stantly wearing  away  and  requiring  continual  repairs ; 
yet,  unlike  any  other,  it  has  the  power  to  repair  itself,  and 
also  to  collect  the  material  for  its  ojvn  repairs.  All  this 
is  necessary  to  perpetuate  the  existence  of  the  machinery 
that  is  so  "fearfully  and  wonderfully  made."  Above  and 
beyond  this  lie  the  grand  objects  of  its  existence. 

The  most  external  view  of  man  reveals  the  fact  that 
the  Creator  designed  him  to  be 

A    TRAVELER    AND   A   LABORER. 

These  seem  to  be  the  special  practical  purposes  of  the 
BONY  and  MUSCULAR  SYSTEMS.  The  combined  movements 
of  these  two  systems  accomplish  a  large  part  of  the  work 
of  supplying  the  physical,  mental,  and  moral  require- 
ments of  man.  These  demands  are  very  numerous, 
including  nourishment  for  repairing  the  constant  wear  of 
the  organs  of  the  body,  the  carrying  away  of  the  waste 
material,  obtaining  knowledge  and  intellectual  enjoyment 
and  improvement  by  travel  and  investigation,  and,  most 
of  all,  the  development,  exercise,  and  perfecting  of  moral 
character.  What  a  wonderful  instrument  is  the  hand! 
What  surprising  results  are  accomplished  by  its  nimble 
combination  of  bones  and  muscles,  in  the  use  of  the  pen, 
the  pencil,  the  brush,  the  needle,  and  in  the  many  thou- 
sand ways  in  which  it  can  be  useful!  And  what  evil 
results  are  produced  by  its  use  in  handling  instruments 
of  war  and  crime,  and  in  the  manufacture  of  misery ! 
What  a  heaven  of  happiness  follows  its  right  action! 
What  a  world  of  woe,  what  a  hell  of  horror,  follows  its 
wrong  action!  Perhaps  scarcely  less  might  be  said  of  the 
muscular  action  of  the  vocal  organs.  And  how  constantly 
life  depends  upon  the  muscular  action  of  the  stomach 
and  the  heart ! 


HUM  AX    LIFE. 


53 


The  bony  system  is  made  up  of  the  bones,  the  cartilages, 
the  ligaments,  and  the  membranes.  The  bones  are  com- 
posed partly  of  animal  and  partly  of  mineral  substance, 
the  proportions  varying  according  to  the  condition  and 
demands  of  the  individual.  In  childhood,  when  inex- 
perience and  imperfect  judgment  expose  to  frequent  falls 
and  other  accidents,  and  but  little  labor  is  demanded,  the 
animal  portion  largely  prevails.  In  the  prime  of  life, 
when  the  most  active  labor  is  demanded,  and  the  heaviest 
burdens  are  borne,  a  union  of  two-thirds  mineral  with 
one-third  animal  secures  the  greatest  strength  and  firm- 
ness. In  old  age,  with  mature  judgment,  and  less  occa- 
sion for  activity  and  exposure,  the  proportion  of  mineral 
is  largely  increased,  and  the  bones  become  more  hard  and 
brittle.  Yet,  if  the  life  habits  were  always  right,  with 
continued  exercise,  the  better  proportion  would  be  much 
longer  maintained. 

The  principal  necessities  for  the  health  of  the  bones  are 
food,  exercise,  and  rest.  The  bones  can  not  be  preserved 
in  perfect  health  without  constant  change  of  material; 
and  the  new  supply  must  be  furnished  in  the  form  of 
food  ;  and  this  must  contain  the  proper  organic  elements. 

The  bones  serve  for  support,  protection,  and  motion. 
Their  number  in  the  human  body  is  about  two  hundred 
and  six. 

The  cartilages  serve  the  purpose  of  springs,  or  cushions. 
Their  elasticity  prevents  the  jarring  that*  wTould  otherwise 
be  injurious  to  the  brain  and  other  delicate  portions  of 
the  body.  By  the  ligaments  the  bones  are  firmly  bound 
together  at  the  joints,  and  the  membranes  furnish  the 
means  of  connecting  the  bones  with  the  muscles. 

The  MUSCULAR  SYSTEM  contains  five  hundred  muscles. 
These  all  act  bv  contraction.  Their  action  is  controlled 


54  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

by  the  nerves.  Without  exercise  the  muscles  soon  perish. 
Bind  up  one  arm  in  a  sling,  and  it  will  soon  be  useless. 
Deprive  the  entire  man  of  exercise,  and  the  same  result 
will  soon  follow.  All  right  exercise  is  a  source  of  happi- 
ness. Overwork,  with  a  desire  to  grasp  too  much,  or 
inactivity,  because  life  and  the  power  of  action  are  not 
appreciated,  both  tend  to  weakness,  and  to  shorten  life 
and  diminish  its  enjoyments.  When  any  of  the  muscles 
of  the  body  have  become  weak  by  lack  of  exercise,  great 
perseverance  is  required  to  accustom  them  to  the  proper 
amount;  and  great  caution  is  also  necessary  that  the 
exercise  be  increased  gradually  with  the  increase  of 
strength.  Both  extremes  in  exercise  should  be  avoided, 
to  secure  freedom  from  rheumatism  and  similar  afflic- 
tions. 

The  design  of  the  Creator,  in  which  these  two  systems 
fill  so  important  a  part,  is  also. revealed  in  man's  Guide- 
book. He  may  read  his  commission  to  travel  in  Gen.  1 : 28, 
"Replenish  the  earth,  and  subdue  it;"  Gen.  9:1,  * 'Re- 
plenish the  earth;"  Gen.  11:8,  "So  the  Lord  scattered 
them  abroad  from  thence  upon  the  face  of  all  the  earth ;" 
Mark  16 : 15,  "Go  ye  into  all  the  world,  and  preach  the 
gospel  to  every  creature;"  Acts  1:8,  "Ye  shall  be  wit- 
nesses unto  me  .  .  .  unto  the  uttermost  part  of  the 
earth."  In  forming  man,  the  Creator  designed  that  he 
should  labor.  Gen.  2:5-7:  "And  there  was  not  a  man  to 
till  the  ground.  .  .  .  And  the  Lord  God  formed  man." 
Physical  exercise  was  assigned  to  man  before  the  fall. 
Gen.  2:15:  "And  the  Lord  God  took  the  man,  and  put  him 
into  the  Garden  of  Ederi  to  dress  it  and  to  keep  it." 
Work  was  not  only  given  to  the  first  man,  but  Mark  13:  34 
says,  "To  every  man  his  work."  The  right  kind  of  labor 
favors  life.  Prov.  10  : 16 :  "The  labor  of  the  righteous 


HUMAN    LIFE.  55 

tendeth  to  life."  It  is  only  after  the  practice  of  physical 
exercise  that  the  sweetest  sleep  can  be  enjoyed.  Eccl. 
5:12:  "The  sleep  of  a  laboring  man  is  sweet."  The 
plan  is  so  arranged  that  man's  life  can  not  be  sustained 
with  justice  to  others,  without  labor.  2  Thess.  3:10:  "If 
any  would  not  work,  neither  should  he  eat."  In  carry- 
ing out  the  plan  we  follow  the  example  of  the  Creator. 
John  5:17:  "My  Father  worketh  hitherto,  and  I  work." 
Both  the  Father  and  the  Son  find  pleasure  and  satisfac- 
tion in  their  work.  Rev.  4: 11:  "Thou  art  worthy,  O  Lord, 
to  receive  glory  and  honor  and  power;  for  thou  hast 
created  all  things,  and  for  thy  pleasure  they  are  and  were 
created."  John  4:34:  "Jesus  saith  unto  them,  My  meat 
is  to  do  the  will  of  him  that  sent  me,  and  to  finish  his 
work." 

The  final  reward  is  to  be  according  to  our  work  in  this 
life.  Rev.  22:12:  "And  my  reward  is  with  me,  to  give 
every  man  according  as  his  work  shall  be."  Work  is  not 
only  to  be  a  source  of  enjoyment  in  this  life,  but  also  in 
the  new  earth.  Isa.  65:21,22:  "And  they  shall  build 
houses,  and  inhabit  them;  and  they  shall  plant  vine- 
yards, and  eat  the  fruit  of  them.  .  .  .  And  mine 
elect-  shall  long  enjoy  the  work  of  their  hands." 

Those  who  appreciate  the  real  enjoyment  to  be  found 
in  honest  labor  will  take  pleasure  in  reading  once  more 
the  following  lines,  written  by  Osgood: — 

LABOR. 

Pause  not  to  dream  of  the  future  before  us; 
Pause  not  to  weep  the  wild  cares  that  come  o'er  us; 
Hark!  how  creation's  deep  musical  chorus, 
Unintermitting,  goes  up  into  heaven. 
Never  the  ocean  wave  falters  in  flowing; 


56  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Never  the  little  seed  stops  in  its  growing; 

More  and  more  richly  the  rose  heart  keeps  glowing, 

Till  from  its  nourishing  stem  it  is  riven. 

Labor  is  worship,  the  robin  is  singing ; 
Labor  is  worship,  the  wild  bee  is  ringing; 
Listen,  that  eloquent  whisper  upspringing, 
Speaks  to  thy  soul,  from  out  nature's  great  heart. 
From  the  dark  cloud  flows  the  life-giving  shower; 
From  the  rough  sod  blooms  the  soft-breathing  flower; 
From  the  small  insect,  the  rich  coral  bower  ; 
Only  man,  in  the  plan,  ever  shrinks  from  his  part 

Labor  is  life.     'Tis  the  still  water  faileth ; 

Idleness  ever  despaireth,  bewaileth. 

Keep  the  watch  wound,  or  the  dark  rust  assaileth; 

Flowers  droop  and  die  in  the  stillness  of  noon. 

Labor  is  glory.     The  flying  cloud  lightens ; 

Only  the  waving  wing  changes  and  brightens ; 

Idle  hearts  only  the  dark  future  frightens; 

Play  the  sweet  keys,  wouldst  thou  keep  them  in  tune. 

Labor  is  rest  from  the  sorrows  that  greet  us, 
Rest  from  all  petty  vexations  that  meet  us, 
Rest  from  sin  promptings  that  ever  entreat  us, 
Rest  from  world  sirens  that  lure  us  to  ill. 
Work,  and  pure  slumber  shall  wait  on  thy  pillow; 
Work,  thou  shalt  ride  over  care's  coming  billow; 
Lie  not  down  wearied  neath  woe's  weeping  willow ; 
Work  with  a  stout  heart  and  resolute  will. 

Labor  is  health.     Lo,  the  husbandman  reaping, 
How  through  his  veins  goes  the  life  current  leaping! 
How  his  strong  arm,  in  its  stalwart  pride  sweeping, 


58  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

True  as  a  sunbeam  the  swift  sickle  guides! 
Labor  is  wealth — in  the  sea  the  pearl  groweth ; 
Rich  the  queen's  robe  from  the  frail  cocoon  floweth; 
From  the  fine  acorn  the  strong  forest  bloweth; 
Temple  and  statute  the  marble  block  hides. 

Droop  not,  tho'  shame,  sin,  and  anguish  are  round  thee: 

Bravely  fling  off  the  cold  chain  that  hath  bound  thee. 

Look  to  the  pure  heaven  smiling  beyond  thee. 

Rest  not  content  in  thy  darkness,  a  clod ; 

Work  for  some  good,  be  it  ever  so  slowly; 

Cherish  some  flower,  be  it  ever  so  lowly. 

Labor;  all  labor  is  noble  and  holy. 

Let  thy  great  deed  be  thy  prayer  to  thy  God. 

— Francis  Osgood. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  bony  and  muscular  systems  as 
man's  direct  means  of  travel  and  labor;  but  they  are 
only  the  means,  and  not  the  cause.  The  bones  are  moved 
by  means  of  the  contraction  of  the  muscles;  but  as  we 
seek  farther  for 

THE   CAUSE   OF   MOTION, 

we  find  that  the  muscles  are  caused  to  contract  by  means 
of  the  nerves;  but  the  nerves  are  only  the  media  through 
which  impulses  are  sent  from  the  nerve  centers ;  and  as 
the  nerve  centers  are  material,  they  can  not  be  considered 
the  cause  of  motion;  for  motion  can  only  be  caused  by 
force. 

We  suggest  the  thought  that  will  and  force  are  iden- 
tical, and  the  cause  of  all  motion.  From  this  thought  of 
the  primary  cause,  we  now  proceed  to  consider  the  pri- 
mary organic  means  of  all  human  action,  perception,  and 
consciousness.  This  will  include 


HUMAN    LIFE.  59 

THE   NERVOUS    AND   SENSORY   SYSTEMS. 

By  this  wonderful  and  complicated  arrangement,  man 
controls  all  the  parts  of  the  body.  From  the  nerve  cen- 
ters, located  in  the  brain  and  spinal  column,  electric 
impulses  of  the  will  are  sent  flashing  along  the  telegraphic 
nerves  to  all  the  organs  of  the  body,  controlling  the  organs 
of  speech,  circulation,  respiration,  labor,  travel,  diges- 
tion, etc. 

Through  the  organs  of  sense,  sometimes  called  "the 
windows  of  the  soul,"  impressions  from  without  are  con- 
ducted along  the  nerves  in  electric  flashes,  to  the  nerve 
centers,  and  thus  we  become  conscious  of  external  things 
as  well  as  bodily  conditions.  To  speak  with  the  greatest 
strictness,  it  might  be  said  that  we  have  just  one  sense, 
that  of  feeling ;  but  as  we  have  such  a  variety  of  feelings 
received  through  different  organs,  it  has  been  found  con- 
venient to  speak  of  the  five  or  more  senses.  When  we 
feel  impressions  through  the  delicate  organ  of  the  eye,  we 
call  it  sight.  When  we  feel  impressions  through  the  ear 
we  call  it  hearing,  etc. 

The  machinery  of  the  nervous  and  sensory  arrange- 
ment is  delicate  and  wonderful  beyond  description,  and 
yet  is  abused  by  man  as  he  would  not  think  of  abusing 
machinery  of  his  own  invention  and  workmanship.  The 
nerves  and  sensory  organs,  on  which  all  the  activities  and 
perceptions  of  life  depend,  and  the  nerve  centers,  on 
which  all  consciousness  and  thought  depend,  become 
dimmed,  dulled,  benumbed,  paralyzed,  by  the  poisons  of 
tobacco,  alcohol,  opium,  etc.  Great  injury  and  frequent 
ruin  result  from  the  habitual  wrong  use  of  these  organs. 
Would  wre  so  abuse  them  if  we  realized  their  value,  and 
remembered  that  the  all-wise  Architect,  who  formed  this 


60  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

temple,  witnesseth  our  destructiveness?  David  asks,  in 
Ps.  94:  9,  "He  that  planted  the  ear,  shall  he  not  hear?  he 
that  formed  the  eye,  shall  he  not  see?" 

To  present  before  a  man,  first,  a  picture  of  what  he  is, 
and,  second,  a  picture  of  what  he  might  have  been,  had 
he  taken  advantage  of  all  his  possibilities,  might  over- 
whelm him  with  discouragement;  but  could  he  see,  first, 
a  picture  of  his  probable  future  self,  if  he  continues  his 
past  course,  and,  second,  a  picture  of  what  he  may  be  if 
he  takes  advantage  of  his  future  possibilities,  it  might 
stimulate  to  action  in  the  right  direction.  It  is  not  proba- 
ble that  man  has  ever  yet  reached  the  limit  of  possibility 
in  the  improvement  of  his  faculties;  and  yet  we  stand 
amazed;  as  we  see  to  what  heights  some  have  mounted 
above  those  who  have  had  equal  talent  and  superior 
advantages. 

Many  have  very  limited  ideas  of  the  possibilities  within 
our  reach,  of  the  education  and  development  of  all  the 
faculties  of  the  sensory  and  nervous  systems.  The  Author 
of  life  will  hold  us  accountable,  not  only  for  the  abuse  of 
these  organs,  but  also  for  neglecting  to  improve  the 
talents  that  he  has  intrusted  to  us.  The  fact  that  all  our 
conditions,  actions,  and  emotions  are  known  to  him,  is 
revealed  in  Heb.  4 : 12, 13  "For  the  word  of  God  is  quick, 
and  powerful,  and  sharper  than  any  two-edged  sword, 
piercing  even  to  the  dividing  asunder  of  soul  and  spirit, 
and  of  the  joints  and  marrow,  and  is  a  discerner  of  the 
thoughts  and  intents  of  the  heart.  Neither  is  there  any 
creature  that  is  not  manifest  in  his  sight;  but  all  things 
are  naked  and  open  unto  the  eyes  of  Him  with  whom  we 
have  to  do."  Here  the  thinking  part  is  called  the  heart, 
as  it  is  also  in  Isa.  10:7:  "Neither  doth  his  heart  think 
so."  Also  in  Matt.  15 : 19:  "For  out  of  the  heart  proceed 


HUMAN    LIFE.  61 

evil  thoughts,"  etc.  The  fact  that  this  thinking  machine 
ontrols  the  entire  man  is  declared  in  Prov.  23:7:  "For 
as  he  thinketh  in  his  heart,  so  is  he." 

"A    SOUND   MIND    IX    A   SOUND    BODY" 

must  be  the  aim  of  every  one  who  would  make  the  most 
of  life.  The  wise  man  had  learned  that  one  was  essen- 
tial to  the  other.  Prov.  14  : 30:  "A  sound  heart  is  the  life 
of  the  flesh ;  but  envy  the  rottenness  of  the  bones."  It 
is  the  will  of  God  that  we  should  have  a  "sound  mind." 
2  Tim.  1:7.  To  this  end  he  has  told  us  how  to  order 
our  thoughts  before  him.  Ps.  19:14:  "Let  the  words  of 
my  mouth,  and  the  meditation  of  my  heart,  be  acceptable 
in  thy  sight,  O  Lord,  my  Strength,  and  my  Redeemer." 
David  gives  us  an  infallible  rule  by  which  the  soundness 
of  the  mind  is  to  be  tested,  in  Ps.  119:  80:  "Let  my  heart 
be  sound  in  thy  statutes;  that  I  be  not  ashamed."  There 
was  one  mind  in  perfect  harmony  with  this  rule.  Ps.  40 : 8: 
"I  delight  to  do  thy  will,  O  my  God ;  yea,  thy  law  is 
within  my  heart."  This  is  the  mind  that  is  given  as  our 
pattern.  Phil.  2:5  :  "Let  this  mind  be  in  you,  which  was 
also  in  Christ  Jesus."  As  a  sound  body  is  essential  to  a 
sound  mind,  so  it  is  only  by  having  a  sound  mind  that 
man  can  hope  to  gain 

WISDOM. 

And  Solomon  says,  in  Prov.  4:7:  "Wisdom  is  the 
principal  thing;  therefore  get  wisdom;  and  with  all  thy 
getting  get  understanding."  Ps.  Ill:  10  tells  how  to  get 
understanding:  "A  good  understanding  have  all  they 
that  do  His  commandments."  He  attributes  to  wisdom 
a  tenfold  advantage  over  physical  force.  Eccl.  7:19: 
"Wisdom  strengthened  the  wise  more  than  ten  mighty 
men  which  are  in  the  city."  Paul  tells  us  the  true  means 


62  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

of  gaining  wisdom,  in  2  Tim.  3:15:  "And  that  from  a 
child  thou  hast  known  the  Holy  Scriptures,  which  are 
able  to  make  thee  wise  unto  salvation  through  faith 
which  is  in  Christ  Jesus." 

BRAIN   WORKERS   LONG   LIVED. 

Brain  work  and  obedience  favor  long  life.  Prov.  3:1,2: 
"My  son,  forget  not  my  law;  but  let  thine  heart  keep  my 
commandments;  for  length  of  days,  and  long  life,  and 
peace,  shall  they  add  to  thee."  Wisdom  is  a  fountain  of 
life.  Prov.  16:22:  "Understanding  is  a  wellspring  of 
life  unto  him  that  hath  it."  When  well  appreciated,  it 
tends  to  preserve  life.  Prov.  2:10,11:  "When  wisdom 
entereth  into  thine  heart,  and  knowledge  is  pleasant  unto 
thy  soul;  discretion  shall  preserve  thee,  understanding 
shall  keep  thee."  Wisdom  has  an  infinite  advantage  over 
wealth.  Eccl.  7:12:  "For  wisdom  is  a  defense,  and 
money  is  a  defense;  but  the  excellency  of  knowledge  is, 
that  wisdom  giveth  life  to  them  that  have  it."  Its  value  is 
placed  above  all  other  riches.  Prov.  3:15:  "She  is  more 
precious  than  rubies;  and  all  the  things  thou  canst 
desire  are  not  to  be  compared  unto  her."  The  next  verse 
tells  what  blessings  she  brings:  "Length  of  days  is  in 
her  right  hand ;  and  in  her  left  hand  riches  and  honor." 

THE    INTELLECTUAL    DOMINION 

sometimes  becomes  the  seat  of  anarchy,  when  Rom.  13: 1 
("Let  every  soul  be  subject  unto  the  higher  powers")  is  disre- 
garded. The  brain  cells  are  arranged  in  groups,  called 
ganglions,  each  group  having  a  special  work  to  do.  The 
frontal  lobes  and  other  groups  that  occupy  the  highest  posi- 
tion in  the  cranium,  seem  to  fill  the  highest  offices  in  the 
intellectual  domain.  Here  we  find  the  throne  of  intelli- 
gence ;  and  when  the  scepter  is  here  swayed  by  the  right 


HUMAN   LIFE.  63 

influence,  and  the  machinery  in  this  department  of  the 
temple  acts  according  to  the  plan  of  the  Architect,  then 
all  the  actions  of  the  body  will  be  rightly  controlled;  and 
the  result  will  be  peace  and  harmony.  But  when  some 
of  the  lower  groups  of  cells  are  allowed  to  predominate, 
the  inevitable  result  will  be  wTar  between  the  higher  and 
lower  provinces  of  the  brain.  The  higher  nerve  centers 
of  the  brain,  that  should  hold  the  reins  of  government 
in  the  body,  are  sometimes  brought  under  the  control  of 
the  lower  ones.  Such  a  condition  in  human  life  as  Paul 
describes  in  Rom.  7:19-23,  many  will  recognize  as  a  part 
of  their  o\vn  experience: — 

"For  the  good  that  I  would,  I  do  not;  but  "the  evil 
which  I  would  not,  that  I  do.  Now  if  I  do  that  I  would 
not,  it  is  no  more  I  that  do  it,  but  sin  that  dwelleth  in 
me.  I  find  then  a  law,  that,  when  I  would  do  good,  evil 
is  present  with  me.  For  I  delight  in  the  law  of  God  after 
the  inward  man;  but  I  see  another  law  in  my  members, 
warring  against  the  law  of  my  mind,  and 

BRINGING    ME   INTO   CAPTIVITY 

to  the  law  of  sin  which  is  in  my  members."  The  condi- 
tion of  mind  that  must  be  experienced  under  such  cir- 
cumstances is  described  in  the  next  verse :  "O  wretched 
man  that  I  am!  who  shall  deliver  me  from  the  body  of 
this  death  ?'*  The  service  that  will  be  rendered  by  one  in 
such  a  state  of  mind,  is  stated  in  verse  25:  "So  then  with 
the  mind  I  myself  serve  the  law  of  God;  but  with  the 
flesh  the  law  of  sin."  Such  service  the  Lord  refuses  to 
accept.  Jer.  6:19,  20:  "Hear,  O  earth;  behold,  I  will 
bring  evil  upon  this  people,  even  the  fruit  of  their 
thoughts,  because  they  have  not  hearkened  unto  my 
words,  nor  to  my  law,  but  rejected  it.  To  what  purpose 


64  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

cometh  there  to  me  incense  from  Sheba,  and  the  sweet 
cane  from  a  far  country?  your  burnt-offerings  are  not 
acceptable,  nor  your  sacrifices  sweet  unto  me."  Prov. 
28:9:  "He  that  turn eth  away  his  ear  from  hearing  the 
law,  even  his  prayer  shall  be  abomination."  The  result 
of  such  service  will  be  only  death.  Rom.  8:6,  7:  "For  to 
be  carnally  minded  is  death;  but  to  be  spiritually  minded 
is  life  and  peace.  Because  the  carnal  mind  is  enmity 
against  God;  for  it  is  not  subject  to  the  law  of  God, 
neither  indeed  can  be."  In  this  warfare,  the  only  way 
that  victory  can  be  gained  in  favor  of  the  higher  powers, 
is  presented  in  1  Cor.  15:57:  "But  thanks  be  to  God, 
which  giveth  us  the  victory  through  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ."  Then  is  the 

CAPTIVITY  REVERSED. 

And  when  the  victory  is  thus  gained,  the  higher  nerve 
centers  will  assume  their  proper  control,  and  the  lower 
ones  will  be  brought  under  their  dominion.  2  Cor. 
10:4,  5:  "For  the  weapons  of  our  warfare  are  not  carnal, 
but  mighty  through  God  to  the  pulling  down  of  strong- 
holds; casting  down  imaginations,  and  every  high  thing 
that  exalteth  itself  against  the  knowledge  of  God,  and 
bringing  into  captivity  every  thought  to  the  obedience 
of  Christ."  This  will  give  the  only  true  freedom  that  it 
is  possible  for  man  to  enjoy.  Rom.  8:1,2:  "There  is 
therefore  now  no  condemnation  to  them  which  are  in 
Christ  Jesus,  who  walk  not  after  the  flesh,  but  after  the 
Spirit.  For  the  law  of  the  Spirit  of  life  in  Christ  Jesus 
hath  made  me  free  from  the  law  of  sin  and  death."  In 
this  blissful  state  the  mind  may  then  be  kept  through 
the  power  of  Him  who  hath  given  us  the  victory.  Isa, 
26  3?  4;  "Thou  wilt  keep  him  in  perfect  peace,  whose 


HUMAN    LIFE.  65 

mind  is  stayed  on  thee;  because  he  trusteth  in  thee. 
Trust  ye  in  the  Lord  forever;  for  in  the  Lord  Jehovah  is 
everlasting  strength."  In.  order  to  bring  about  this 
reformation,  wrong  habits  of  thought  as  well  as  action 
must  be  forsaken.  Isa.  55:7:  "Let  the  wicked  forsake  his 
way,  and  the  unrighteous  man  his  thoughts;  and  let  him 
return  unto  the  Lord,  and  he  will  heve  mercy  upon  him; 
and  to  our  God,  for  he  will  abundantly  pardon."  The 
next  verse  tells  why  our  thoughts  must  be  forsaken:  "For 
my  thoughts  are  not  your  thoughts,  neither  are  your 
ways  my  ways,  saith  the  Lord."  Our  thoughts  and  ways 
will  be  infinitely  elevated  as  soon  as  we  accept  those  of 
God.  Isa.  55 : 9 :  "For  as  the  heavens  are  higher  than  the 
earth,  so  are  my  ways  higher  than  your  ways,  and  my 
thoughts  than  your  thoughts."  This  will  require  a  corre- 
sponding change  of  heart  (or  mind).  Rom.  12:2:  "And 
be  not  conformed  to  this  world;  but  be  ye  transformed  by 
the  renewing  of  your  mind,  that  ye  may  prove  what  is 
that  good,  and  acceptable,  and  perfect,  will  of  God." 

The  Creator  is  not  only  willing  that  we  should  have  a 
sound  mind,  but  his  law  furnishes  such  food  for  the  mind 
as  will  give  it  health.  Ps.  119:97-100:  "0  how  love  I  thy 
law!  it  is  my  meditation  all  the  day.  Thou  through  thy 
commandments  hast  made  me  wiser  than  mine  enemies; 
for  they  are  ever  with  me.  I  have  more  understanding 
than  all  my  teachers;  for  thy  testimonies  are  my  medita- 
tion. I  understand  more  than  the  ancients,  because  I  keep 
thy  precepts."  This  presents  the  law  of  God  as  the  key  of 
knowledge.  But  those  who  should  be  teaching  the  law, 
sometimes  take  the  key  of  knowledge  away  from  the  peo- 
ple. Luke  11:52:  "AVoe  unto  you,  lawyers!  for  ye  have 
taken  away  the  key  of  knowledge;  ye  entered  not  in  your- 
selves, and  them  that  were  entering  in  ye  hindered."  This 
5 


66  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

key  that  was  taken  away  can  be  found  only  in  Christ. 
Col.  2:3 :  "In  whom  are  hid  all  the  treasures  of  wisdom 
and  knowledge."  Ps.  40:8:  "I  delight  to  do  thy  will,  0 
my  God;  yea,  thy  law  is  within  my  heart."  Ignorance, 
especially  of  the  law,  tends  to  shorten  life.  Hosea  4:6: 
"My  people  are  destroyed  for  lack  of  knowledge;  because 
thou  hast  rejected  knowledge,  I  will  also  reject  thee,  that 
thou  shalt  be  no  priest  to  me;  seeing  thou  hast  forgotten 
the  law  of  thy  God,  I  will  also  forget  thy  children." 

Winning  souls  will  be  the  life-work  of  those  who  are 
truly  wise.  Prov.  11:30:  "The  fruit  of  the  righteous  is 
a  tree  of  life ;  and  he  that  winneth  souls  is  wise."  Dan. 
12:3  tells  what  will  be  their  future  glory:  "And  they  that 
be  wise  shall  shine  as  the  brightness  of  the  firmament; 
and  they  that  turn  many  to  righteousness,  as  the  stars 
forever  and  ever."  'Then  let  Ps.  90 : 12  be  our  daily  prayer : 
"So  teach  us  to  number  our  days,  that  we  may  apply  our 
hearts  unto  wisdom."  The  conclusion  from  all  these 
evidences  is  found  in  Prov.  4:7:  "Wisdom  is  the  principal 
thing;  therefore  get  wisdom;  and  with  all  thy  getting 
get  understanding." 

THE    REPARATIVE   SYSTEMS. 

The  human  body  is  composed  of  a  vast  number  of 
organs;  and  these  are  made  up  of  a  countless  number  of 
cells  that  are  breaking  down  every  moment.  This  requires 
some  arrangement  for  the  constant  rebuilding  of  all  the 
tissues  of  the  body,  and  the  instant  removal  of  the  broken- 
down  cells.  Without  such  rebuilding,  all  the  tissues  of 
the  body  would  soon  be  dissolved,  and  the  prediction, 
"Dust  thou  art  and  unto  dust  shalt  thou  return,"  would 
be  verified  without  delay.  And  with  such  rebuilding, 
but  without  removal  of  the  waste  matter,  the  system 


HUMAN    LIFE.  67 

would  soon  be  so  clogged  that  the  action  of  all  its 
machinery  would  be  stopped,  and  life  would  be  extinct. 

For  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  this  work  of  repairing, 
by  removing  the  waste  material,  and  supplying  new 
material  for  the  constant  rebuilding  of  the  tissues,  four 
organic  systems  have  been  provided, — the  circulatory, 
respiratory,  digestive,  and  excretory. 

In  the 

CIRCULATORY   SYSTEM 

the  great  central  organ  is  the  heart,  which  is  not  simply 
a  lump  of  flesh,  or  a  syringe  bulb,  but  a  force  pump;  yes, 
much  more  than  that;  it  is  a  powerful  engine,  wrought 
by  infinite  wisdom.  Its  wonderful  machinery  of  cords, 
belts,  bands,  pipes,  cylinders,  valves,  and  regulators,  is 
adjusted  with  the  most  mathematical  precision.  The 
work  accomplished  daily,  by  its  strong  muscular  machin- 
ery, as  far  exceeds,  in  many  cases,  the  work  of  all  the 
other  muscles  of  the  body,  as  the  work  of  a  steam  engine 
exceeds  that  of  the  engineer.  By  its  force  and  constant 
action,  this  wonderful  engine  "sends  the  life  current  leap- 
ing" along  the  ever-winding  and  constantly-dividing 
channels  of  the  river  of  life,  bearing  the  precious  build- 
ing material  through  the  smallest  branches  and  rivulets 
to  every  part  of  the  dominion,  for  the  repairing  and 
rebuilding  of  all  the  tissues  of  the  body. 

This  life  stream  is  about  half  fluid,  and  about  half  is 
composed  of  red  and  white  blood  corpuscles.  The  white 
ones  are  spherical,  less  numerous,  and  larger  than  the 
red,  yet  so  small  that  it  takes  2,500  of  them  to  make  a 
row  an  inch  long.  Their  work  seems  to  be  to  repair 
injuries.  The  red  ones  are  not  perfect  spheres,  but  have 
two  opposite  sides  concave  instead  of  convex.  They 
are  so  small  that  it  takes  3,500  of  them  to  make  a 


68  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

row  an  inch  long.  It  is  estimated  that  a  drop  of  blood 
that  would  hang  on  the  point  of  a  pin,  contains  3,000,000 
of  them,  and  that  30,000,000,000,000  of  them  are  con- 
tained in  the  human  body.  This  vast  army  of  busy  little 
workers  are  enlisted  in  a  mission  of  so  much  greater 
importance  than  all  earth's  mighty  armies,  with  their 
deadly  implements  of  slaughter,  that  should  these  all 
leave  their  post  of  duty,  or  be  found  sleeping  on  guard, 
in  that  same  hour  the  human  race  would  sink  lifeless,  to 
mingle  with  the  soil  of  earth.  But  these  trillions  of  little 
medical  missionaries  persevere  in  their  work,  although 
their  mission  field  is  dense  with  perils;  for  those  whose 
lives  they  are  trying  to  save,  seem  almost  to  exhaust 
human  ingenuity  in  inventing  ways  to  obstruct  them  in 
their  mission  of  mercy,  thus  giving  no  opportunity  for 
even  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  possibilities  that 
might  be  reached  could  the  work  be  allowed  to  proceed 
without  hindrance. 

The  work  of  the  red  corpuscles  is  of  vital  importance. 
They  carry  the  nutritious  elements  of  food  (after  the 
process  of  digestion)  to  all  parts  of  the  body,  for  the 
renewing  of  all  of  its  tissues.  They  also  carry  the  oxygen 
received  from  the  air,  to  assist  in  the  repairing  process, 
and  gather  up  the  broken-down  tissue  and  carry  it,  on 
their  return  voyage  to  the  lungs,  where  it  is  cast  out. 
But  while  the  little  doctors  persevere  in  their  faithful 
efforts  to  save  and  perpetuate  life,  their  work  is  not  only 
hindered,  but  many  of  them  become  enfeebled,  and  even 
fall  as  martyrs  to  the  effect  of  the  unnatural  habits  of  the 
ungrateful  patient.  If  any  who  use  tobacco  and  alco- 
holic liquors,  feel  skeptical  in  regard  to  this  statement, 
they  have  only  to  place  some  of  their  own  blood  corpus- 
cles under  a  good  microscope,  and  see  how  shriveled  and 


HUMAN    LIFE.  69 

dark  they  are,  as  compared  with  those  that  have  not 
been  exposed  to  these  poisons.  Language  would  fail  to 
describe  the  countless  ways  in  which  the  blood  is  defiled, 
through  wrong  habits  of  eating,  drinking,  breathing,  etc. 
When  it  becomes  so  intensely  foul  that  the  patient 
thinks  he  can  endure  it  no  longer,  then  he  commences  a 
wholesale  work  of  defiling  it  by  the  use  of  poisons,  under 
the  names  of  various  kinds  of  medicine,  surnamed  "blood 
purifiers."  Only  give  this  army  of  blood  corpuscles  a 
fair  chance  to  work  with  their  natural  health,  and  in 
their  natural  way,  and  possibilities  will  be  revealed  in 
the  science  and  art  of  blood  purifying,  of  which  the 
medicine  men  have  scarcely  dreamed. 

RESPIRATORY    SYSTEM. 

The  principal  movements  in  respiration  are  produced 
by  contracting  and  relaxing  the  muscles  of  the  diaphragm, 
the  abdomen,  and  those  connected  with  the  ribs.  You 
would  not  try  to  expel  the  water  from  a  well-filled  sponge 
by  concentrating  your  will  upon  it  as  it  lies  upon  the 
stand ;  but,  placing  your  hand  about  the  sponge,  and 
contracting  its  muscles,  the  water  is  expelled.  Then  you 
would  not  expect  the  sponge  to  be  refilled  with  the  same 
amount  of  water  till  those  muscles  were  relaxed.  So  you 
need  not  expect  the  impure  air  to  be  expelled  from  the 
lungs  by  trying  to  cause  them  to  contract  in  obedience  to 
the  will.  When  the  action  of  the  proper  muscles  below 
and  about  the  lungs  has  emptied  them,  you  need  never 
expect  to  breathe  again  while  those  muscles  remain  in 
the  same  position.  A  very  slight  obstruction  to  the 
movement  of  these  muscles  will  seriously  diminish 
proper  respiration.  Go  into  a  nursery  and  watch  the 
process  of  budding  young  fruit  trees.  A  very  weak  string 


70  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

of  bark  or  yarn  around  the  little  tree  is  sufficient  to  hold 
the  bud  and  the  bark  against  the  sap  of  the  tree  for  a  few 
days,  until  they  have  become  united;  Lut  if  the  string 
be  left  on  a  few  days  longer,  the  slight  pressure  of  the 
string  so  hinders  the  circulation  of  the  sap  that  a  crease 
is  left  around  the  tree  under  the  string,  and  the  tree 
breaks  off.  So  will  a  very  slight  pressure  on  the  surface 
of  the  human  body  interfere  with  the  freedom  of  either 
circulation  or  respiration. 

Among  the  perils  of  human  life,  perhaps  there  is  no 
surer  nor  more  fashionable  method  (though  there  may  be 
quicker  ones)  of  committing  suicide  than  the  crime  of 
trying  to  perpetrate  upon  the  human  body  this  part  of 
the  process  of  budding  trees.  It  is  estimated  that  the 
lungs  contain  1,700,000,000  cells.  These  cells  are  lined 
with  mucous  membrane,  in  all  2,000  square  feet.  The 
blood  must  pass  by  this  thin  membrane  at  the  rate  of  15 
barrels  per  day,  and  as  the  blood  passes  by,  a  cubic  inch 
of  carbonic  acid  gas  and  other  impurities  gathered  from 
all  parts  of  the  body,  is  thrown  out,  and  about  a  cubic 
inch  of  oxygen  is  taken  in  at  every  breath.  These  both 
have  to  pass  through  the  mucous  membrane.  As  the 
oxygen  passes  through  the  mucous  membrane,  and  enters 
the  blood  as  an  indispensable  agent  in  the  work  of  repair- 
ing and  cleansing  the  system,  so  also  when  tobacco, 
alcohol,  and  other  poisons  are  habitually  used,  they  find 
their  way  into  the  blood  in  the  same  way,  as  agents  of 
destruction  and  ruin.  The  cubic  inch  of  impurity  that  is 
thrown  out  at  every  breath,  contains  sufficient  poison  to 
render  three  cubic  feet  of  air  unfit  to  breathe,  so  that  if 
you  know  the  size  of  your  room,  you  can  toll,  by  a  very 
few  figures,  how  many  times  you  can  breathe  in  it  before 
your  life  will  be  in  danger,  if  you  have  no  ventilation. 


HUMAN   LIFE. 


71 


If  sufficient  exercise  is  taken,  and  all  the  muscles  have 
perfect  freedom  of  action,  there  will  not  be  so  much 
danger  of  insufficient  breathing;  but  with  too  violent 
exercise,  such  as  running  a  race,  there  may  be  danger  of 
rupturing  some  of  the  blood-vessels,  or  tearing  the  heart 
valves. 

In  the  diagram  on  digestion  (see  Appendix, page  173)  will 
be  found  the  names  of  the  five  organs  and  the  five  juices 
by  which  the  work  of  digestion  is  accomplished,  and  the 
five  digestible  elements  contained  in  food,  and  required 
by  the  system  continually  to  renew  all  the  tissues,  and  to 
furnish  heat  and  force  for  the  body.  It  will  be  seen  that 
each  organ  produces  a  juice;  the  first  three  juices  digest 
two  elements  each;  the  fourth  digests  the  first  four  ele- 
ments; the  fifth  digests  all  the  elements,  and  the  salts  is 
digested  by  all  the  juices.  A  careful  study  of  the  digest- 
ive organs  and  juices,  and  of  the  elements  of  food,  will 
be  a  great  help  in  making  suitable  selections  and  form- 
ing proper  combinations  of  food  to  nourish  the  body  and 
keep  it  in  the  best  condition  of  health.  A  man  might  sit 
down  to  a  dinner  of  potatoes,  fine  flour  bread,  rice,  and 
other  articles  composed  of  starch,  and  his  system  would 
get  starch,  but  it  would  not  go  far  toward  building  up 
his  tissues,  and  he  would  not  receive  much  real  strength 
from  it.  So  he  might  select  articles  very  rich  in  albumen 
and  form  a  combination  that  would  be  lacking  in  other 
important  elements.  But,  serious  as  these  dangers  are, 
we  would  not  forget  the  far  greater  ones:  for  the  world 
seems  to  groan  with  bitter  sorrow  caused  by  the  deadly 
poisons  that  continue  to  feed  the  perverted  appetite,  and 
soon  ruin  the  digestive  organs,  so  that  the  best  prepared 
food  can  be  made  of  but  little  use. 


72 


PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 


FOOD     ELEMENTS. 


Flesh. 

Albumen. 

Starch. 

Fats. 

Salts. 

Totals. 

Lean  beef 

193 

3.6 

5.1 

28 

Lean  mutton 

18.3 

4.9 

4.8 

28 

Poultry 

21 

3.8 

1.2 

26 

White  fish 

18.1 

2.9 

1 

22 

Salmon 

16.1 

5.5 

1.4 

23 

Legumes 

Lima  beans 

21.9 

60.6 

1.6 

2.9 

93 

White  beans 

26.9 

48.8 

3 

3.5 

82.2 

Garden  peas 

24.6 

52.6 

3.5 

2.6 

83.3 

African  peas 

23.4 

57.8 

6 

3 

90.2 

German  lentils 

33 

30.3 

8.7 

2.7 

74.7 

Average  flesh 

18.5 

4.1 

2.7 

25.4 

Average  legumes 

25.9 

49.4 

4.5 

2.9 

84.6 

By  comparing  the  five  kinds  of  flesh  with  the  five 
kinds  of  leguminous  foods  in  the  table  of  food  elements, 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  legumes  contain  much  more  than 
twice  the  amount  of  nutrition,  on  an  average,  that  the 
meats  do.  Even  in  albumen,  the  legumes  are  7.4  richer 
on  an  average.  German  lentils  contain  twelve  per  cent 
more  albumen  than  the  richest  of  these  flesh  meats. 
Surely  we  need  not,  under  any  ordinary  circumstances, 
for  fear  of  starving,  stain  our  hands  in  the  blood  of  our 
fello  w-creatu  res. 

THE   EXCRETORY    SYSTEM 

is  by  no  means  unworthy  of  honor  in  the  economy  of 
human  life;  for,  if  allowed  even  half  a  chance  to  work, 
it  is  forever  toiling  in  the  cause  of  purity.  While  others 
enjoy  their  peaceful  slumbers,  there  are  benefactors  of 
society,  faithfully  toiling  in  the  darkness  of  the  night, 
to  purify  the  city,  and  remove  the  dangers  that  threaten 


HUMAN   LIFE. 


73 


the  life  of  the  citizens.  If  their  services  were  only 
appreciated,  the  terra  "scavenger,"  as  applied  to  them, 
might  soon  become  a  title  of  honor. 

The  principal  organs  in  this  system  are  the  skin,  kid- 
neys, liver,  and  lungs.  If  sufficient  attention  were  paid 
to  proper  exercise,  bathing,  breathing,  and  ventilation, 


SURF    BATHING. 

there  would  be  less  cause  for  complaint  about  impure 
blood,  clogged  livers,  and  clogged  systems  in  general. 
With  some,  bathing  is  neglected  from  one  end  of  the 
month  to  the  other.  Perhaps,  with  many,  the  word  year 
might  be  used  instead  of  month,  and  with  some,  life 
instead  of  year.  One  of  the  most  important  rooms  for 
every  family  residence  is  a  well-furnished  bath-room,  so 


74  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

arranged  that  plenty  of  water,  at  any  desired  temperature, 
may  be  had  on  short  notice.  Leave  out  the  parlor,  and 
even  some  of  the  more  important  rooms  if  necessary,  but 
do  not  omit  the  bath-room. 

Many  would  be  alarmed  could  they  realize  the  condi- 
tion into  which  their  organic  systems  have  been  brought 
by  their  carelessness  and  their  wrong  habits  of  life;  and 
yet  there  is  hope.  In  the  midst  of  thickest  perils,  there 
are  possibilities  that  can  be  reached  by  those  who  can  be 
persuaded  to  believe  that  "where  there's  a  will  there's  a 
way,"  and  will  dare  to  buckle  on  the  armor  and  commence 
intelligently  and  bravely  to  fight  the  battle  of  life. 

Thousands  who  are  groping  in  darkness,  and  whose 
lives  are  a  burden  rather  than  a  blessing  to  themselves 
and  others,  might  "arise  and  shine"  as  lights  in  the 
world,  and  as  ornaments  in  society,  if  they  would  seize 
the  possibilities  within  their  reach,  and  firmly  resolve  to 
"make  the  most  of  life."  Nevertheless,  if  this  is  under- 
taken with  a  selfish  ambition,  it  will  be  sure  to  prove  an 
inglorious  failure,  as  every  enterprise,  prompted  by  no 
higher  motive,  has  done  since  the  fall  of  Lucifer. 


MEMORY. 

MEMORY  is  a  record  in  the  brain  of  knowledge  acquired. 
The  brain  is  composed  of  white  and  gray  matter.  The 
white  portion  is  composed  of  fibers,  the  gray  of  cells. 
The  fibers  transmit  impressions.  The  cells  receive  impres- 
sions, by  which  their  structure,  arrangement,  or  action,  or 
all  of  these,  become  so  modified  as  to  preserve  a  record 
of  our  thoughts  and  perceptions,  that  may  afterward  be 
read  by  the  mind. 

It  is  thought  by  some  that  memory  is  a  habit  that 
brain  cells  acquire  of  acting  in  a  certain  way.  Man's 
character  and  individuality  may  be  more  the  result  of 
his  habits  than  of  his  organization ;  and  even  his  organi- 
zation may  become  greatly  modified  by  his  habits.  He 
is  a  creature  of  habit.  Every  organ  of  the  body  acquires 
certain  habits  of  action,  from  the  largest  down  to  the 
smallest  fibers  and  cells,  and  even  the  minute  blood 
corpuscles.  The  more  frequently  an  action  is  repeated 
by  any  organ,  the  more  readily  will  the  organ  act  in  that 
way.  So  the  more  a  thought  is  repeated  by  the  action  of 
the  brain  cells,  the  more  easily  it  is  recalled  in  the 
memory. 

THE    IMPORTANCE   OF   MEMORY 

is  beyond  estimate;  its  value,  beyond  price.  Without  it 
man  would  be  as  powerless  to  retain  the  thoughts  that 
pass  through  his  mind,  as  the  mirror  is  to  retain  the 
image  of  the  birds  that  fly  before  it.  Books  would  be  of 
no  use  to  him ;  for  he  could  never  learn  to  read.  If  he 
(76) 


MEMORY.  77 

could  read,  one  word  would  be  gone,  and  he  would  not 
know  that  he  had  ever  read  it,  by  the  time  he  would 
reach  the  next.  Any  person  or  object  that  he  might  see, 
he  would  have  no  knowledge  of  ever  having  seen  before. 
We  might  be  surrounded  by  the  best  libraries,  and  all 
the  choicest  facilities  for  education  the  world  can  pro- 
duce, but  their  usefulness  would  depend  upon  the  memory. 
The  majority  of  scholors  would  be  startled  could  they  be 
told  how  comparatively  little  benefit  they  receive  from 
the  advantages  they  do  have,  because  of  their  neglect  of 
cultivating  the  memory.  Most  people  have  very  limited 
views  of  the  extent  to  which  the  memory  can  be  culti- 
vated. We  find  on  record  many 

REMARKABLE    INSTANCES   OF   MEMORY 

a  few  of  which  we  will  here  give: — 

"Cyrus  could  name  every  officer  and  soldier  in  his 
armies.  Lucius  Scipio  knew  every  Roman  citizen  by 
name  when  that  city  contained  more  than  two  hundred 
thousand  capable  of  bearing  arms." — Pliny. 

'Pontius  Latro  could  repeat  verbatim  all  the  speeches 
he  had  heard  declaimed  by  the  Roman  orators." — Seneca. 

It  is  said  "that  Joseph  Scaliger  committed  to  memory 
both  the  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey  in  twenty-one  days,"  and 
"that  Seneca  could  repeat  two  thousand  words  in  the 
order  in  which  they  had  been  uttered." 

Lord  Clarendon  declares  "that  Hales,  of  Eton,  carried 
about  in  his  memory  more  learning  than  anv  scholar  in 
the  world." 

Dr.  Kidston  says  that  "if  the  whole  Bible  were  lost, 
Professor  Lawson  could  have  restored  it  from  memory." 

Miss  Logan,  when  only  four  years  of  age,  could  recite 
the  whole  of  Pope's  "Essay  on  Man.'' 


78  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Greffer  Fagel,  it  is  said,  could  "recite  the  whole  of  a 
newspaper,  after  one  reading,  from  beginning  to  end,  and 
then  from  end  to  beginning,  without  a  mistake." 

Sir  William  Hamilton  says:  "A  young  Corsicaii  who 
went  to  Padua  to  study  law,  soon  became  distinguished 
for  having  a  remarkable  memory.  Muritus,  with  other 
auditors,  assembled  in  a  room  to  witness  his  powers 
Muritus  dictated  words,  Latin,  Greek,  barbarous, significant 
and  non-significant,  disjointed  and  connected,  until  he 
wearied  himself,  the  young  man  who  wrote  them  down, 
and  the  audience  who  were  present.  'We  were  all,'  he 
said,  'marvelously  tired.'  The  Corsican  alone  was  the 
one  of  the  whole  company  alert  and  fresh,  and  continually 
desired  Muritus  for  more  words,  who  declared  he  would 
be  more  than  satisfied  if  he  could  repeat  the  half  of  what 
had  been  taken  down;  and  at  length  he  ceased.  The 
young  man,  with  his  gaze  fixed  upon  the  ground,  stood 
silent  for  a  brief  season,  and  then,  says  Muritus,  'he 
absolutely  repeated  the  whole  words  in  the  order  in 
which  they  had  been  delivered,  without  the  slightest 
hesitation;  then,  commencing  from  the  last,  he  repeated 
them  backwards  till  he  came  to  the  first.  Then  again  so 
that  he  spoke  the  first,  the  third,  the  fifth,  and  so  on;  did 
this  in  any  order  that  was  asked,  and  all  without  the 
slightest  error.  He  assured  me— and  he  had  nothing  of 
the  boaster  about  him — that  he  could  recite  in  the  same 
manner  to  the  amount  of  thirty-six  thousand  words. 
And  what  was  more  wonderful,  they  all  so  adhered  to  the 
mind  that  after  a  year's  interval,  he  could  repeat  them 
without  trouble. 

"'I  know  from  having  tried  him,  that  he  could  do  so 
after  considerable  time.'" 

"Ben  Jonson  could  repeat  all  that  he  had  written,  and 
whole  books  that  he  had  read.'1 — James  McOrie, 


MEMORY.  79 

PLEASURES   OF   MEMORY. 

Memory  is  designed  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  sources  of 
life's  happiness.  Were  our  lives  what  they  should  be,  the 
sparkling  ripples  of  daily  pleasure  would  be  borne  along 
with  us  down  the  stream  of  life,  and,  rolling  together, 
would  swell  into  constantly  accelerating  waves,  to  gladden 
our  riper  years. 

Aspirate  says : — 

"It  is  the  museum  of  the  mind,  where  are  deposited 
the  rare,  the  costly,  and  the  beautiful,  to  be  exhibited  as 
occasion  may  require.  It  is  the  mysterious  power  which 
calls  up  our  joys  and  sorrows,  and  bids  them  live  again." 

"ARTIFICIAL   AIDS   TO   MEMORY" 

have  been  multiplied  and  peddled  through  the  country, 
to  the  discredit  and  detriment  of  the  true  science.  Ex- 
pectations thus  stimulated  receive  as  sudden  a  fall,  and 
the  experiment  results  in  the  neglect  of  one  of  the  most 
wonderful  and  important  faculties.  The  true  principles 
of  memory  may  be  more  easily  learned  and  more  practi- 
cally applied  than  any  of  the  complicated  "lingos." 

G.  B.  says  :— 

"Artificial  aids  to  the  memory  are  often  injurious,  and 
do  not  assist  real  knowledge,  but  encourage  conceit  by 
feats  of  recitation  which  are  as  useless  as  they  are  sur- 
prising to  the  ignorant." 

In  analysis  B,  we  present  five  requisites  and  five  aids 
that  will  be  readily  recognized  as  the 

FOUNDATION    PRINCIPLES 

upon  which  memory  naturally  depends. 

HEALTH 

may  be  considered  of  the  very  first  and  highest  iinpor- 


80 


PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 


/  Health. 

(  General, 
<J  Sensory, 
(Nervous. 

1 

H  -;  s 

'  N 

Requisites.  ^ 

Impressions. 
Exercise. 

(  Duration, 
\'  Frequency, 
Variety. 

R 

(D 

:  v 

TT         V 

i 

Attention. 

(  Interest, 
(Exclusion. 

A!E 

\  Understanding. 

u 

/  Analyze. 

A 

Represent. 

/Word, 
<  Letter, 
Vlllustration. 

pv 

R      L 
(  I 

Aids.      < 

,  Arrange. 

(  Divisions, 
(  Subdivisions. 

A 

A  ts 

Associate. 

(  Comparison, 
'  Contrast. 

(c 
to 

\Review. 

R 

ANALYSIS  B. 

ME 

MORY. 

MEMORY.  81 

tance  of  any  of  these  principles;  for  without  health  man 
is  not  so  well  fitted  to  make  a  success  of  anything;  and 
the  more  the  health  is  impaired,  the  more  the  mind  is 
unfitted  for  any  active  service.  The  man  who  has  good 
general  health,  will  naturally  have  a  better  memory  than 
the  one  who  has  not;  for,  with  every  organ  of  the  body 
in  its  normal  condition  and  free  from  pain,  the  natural 
conditions  will  be  more  favorable  for  receiving  and  retain- 
ing thought.  Yet  it  must  be  admitted  that  one  less 
favored  in.  health  may,  by  careful  training,  far  surpass 
the  one  who  has  all  these  natural  advantages.  But 
health  of  the  sensory  and  nervous  systems  is  a  special  and 
absolute  requisite  for  memory,  as  all  that  is  ever  recorded 
in  the  mind  must  come  through  these  channels,  and  be 
held  on  record,  and  reproduced  by  these  organs. 

All  material  for  thought  must  be  introduced  through 
the  senses,  and  these  perceptions  must  be  conducted  to 
the  nerve  centers  through  the  telegraphic  fibers  of  the 
nerves.  These  must  all  have  perfect  health  to  do  perfect 
work;  the  sensory  organs  to  receive,  the  nerve  fibers  to 
transmit,  and  the  nerve  centers  to  record,  preserve,  and 
reproduce  perfect  mental  pictures.  There  must  be,  at 
least,  a  fair  degree  of  health  of  these  two  systems  or  no 
reliable 

IMPRESSIONS 

can  be  made  in  the  brain ;  and  without  such  impressions, 
there  can  be  no  memory.  These  impressions  will  depend 
upon  the  duration,  frequency,  and  variety  of  the  perceptions 
by  which  the  brain  cells  are  affected. 

If  the  perception  is  of  very  brief  duration,  the  impres- 
sion soon   fades   from  the   memory.     A  brief  glance  is 
soon   forgotten ;  but   a  prolonged   view   of  a  person   or 
6 


82  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

object,  proves  more  enduring  in  the  memory.  So  a  per- 
son or  object  seen  but  once  or  twice,  may  be  soon  forgotten; 
but  often  seen,  will  be  remembered.  And  when  we  have 
the  testimony  of  the  senses  in  a  variety  of  ways,  as  by 
sight,  hearing,  feeling,  taste,  etc.,  the  thoughts  become 
still  more  permanently  fixed  in  the  memory. 

EXERCISE 

of  the  memory  is  a  third  requisite,  and  a  very  important 
one  to  be  considered.  We  may  read  the  thoughts  ex- 
pressed upon  the  printed  page,  forty,  fifty,  or  a  hundred 
times,  and  then  have  but  few  of  them  fixed  in  the  mem- 
ory. The  eye,  the  ear,  and  the  voice  may  be  brought  into 
active  exercise,  in  the  reading  process  (I  do  not  say  this 
is  true  reading),  while  the  memory  remains  practically 
dormant.  Who  has  not  had  a  demonstration  of  this  in 
singing  the  same  hymns  for  years,  and  still  depending 
upon  the  book  for  almost  every  line  of  the  hymn? 

In  how  brief  a  time  the  same  thoughts  could  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  memory,  if  that  faculty  were  brought  into 
exercise  by  reading  one  thought,  and  then  repeating  it 
without  looking  on  the  book,  then  reading  another, 
repeating  the  two  from  memory,  etc.,  as  explained  farther 
on  under  "Review"!  This  would  not  only  bring  the 
memory  into  exercise,  but  would  also  help  to  fix  upon 
the  thought  the 

ATTENTION, 

which  we  introduce  as  the  fourth  requisite.  The  impres- 
sions can  not  be  distinct  and  permanent  unless  the  atten. 
tion  is  fixed  upon  them  with  a  good  degree  of  intensity 
at  the  time  they  are  received.  We  may  hear  the  striking 
of  a  clock;  the  sound  may  fall  upon  the  ear,  but,  with 


MEMORY.  83 

the  attention  absorbed  with  some  other  thought  at  the 
time,  we  may  not  know  five  minutes  after  that  the  clock 
has  struck ;  it  was  not  written  upon  the  memory.  Who 
can  not  recall  the  time  when  he  has  found  himself  hold- 
ing a  book  in  his  hand,  running  his  eye  steadily  and 
smoothly  along  the  lines,  reading  every  w.ord  (in  a 
mechanical  way),  turning  the  leaf  when  the  bottom  of 
the  page,  was  reached,  and  after  passing  over  several 
pages-  in  that  way,  awaking  to  the  fact  that  his  mind  had 
been  running  on  a  train  of  thought  entirely  foreign  to 
the  subject  contained  in  the  book,  without  retaining  a 
thought  of  what  he  had  read.  No  effort  to  remember  can 
prove  successful  unless  attention  upon  the  thoughts  to  be 
remembered  can  be  secured  ;  and  every  one's  own  expe- 
rience must  prove  that  attention  will  depend  largely  upon 
INTEREST  in  the  thought,  and  the  EXCLUSION  of  other 
thoughts. 

Interest  in  the  thought  will  depend  upon  a  fifth  requi- 
site : — 

UNDERSTANDING. 

We  may  hear  or  read,  in  a  foreign  language,  or  even  in 
our  own  language,  something  that  we  do  not  understand, 
and  we  will  find  it  much  more  difficult  to  remember  than 
that  which  is  well  understood.  To  assist  in  securing  a 
good  understanding,  and  as  the  first  aid  to  memory, 

ANALYZE 

the  thought,  so  as  to  get  a  clear  idea  of  every  point  it 
contains.  For  instance,  if  an  action  is  expressed,  notice 
who  did  it,  when,  where,  why,  how  it  was  done,  etc. 
When  the  mind  has  digested  every  point  revealed  in  the 
thought,  then 


84  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

REPRESENT 

the  thought  by  an  appropriate  symbol;  by  a  word,  as  on 
the  left  side  of  analysis  "B,"  by  a  letter,  as  on  the  right 
side  of  analysis  "B,"  or  by  any  suitable  illustration,  as 
time  or  distance  might  be  represented  by  a  line.  As  the 
eye  falls  upon  the  word,  or  other  symbol,  that  represents 
the  entire  thought,  all  the  points  with  which  the  memory 
has  been  charged,  will,  by  their  connection  with  the  lead- 
ing idea,  readily  respond  to  the  call.  For  example,  in 
the  sentence,  "In  Judea,  in  A.  D.  43,  Herod,  to  please  the 
populace,  killed  James  with  the  sword,"  if,  after  carefully 
analyzing,  we  write  the  word  "killed/'  to  represent  the 
entire  thought,  as  soon  as  the  eye  catches  the  word 
"killed,"  we  will  readily  remember  who  killed,  whom 
he  killed,  when,  where,  why,  and  how. 

When  each  thought  in  your  subject  has  been  carefully 
analyzed,  so  that  every  point  in  it  is  clearly  understood, 
and  a  word  instead  of  a  sentence  has  been  selected  to 
represent  each  leading  thought,  then 

ARRANGE 

the  thoughts  in  their  best  and  most  natural  order,  in 
divisions  and  subdivisions;  as  illustrated  in  analysis  UB," 
letting  a  glance  at  the  word  fix  the  attention,  call  the 
memory  into  action,  and  bring  the  thought  in  its  com- 
pleteness before  the  mind. 

ASSOCIATE. 

Of  the  almost  infinite  variety  of  ways  in  which  this 
principle  of  association  may  be  brought  to  the  aid  of  the 
memory,  we  have  only  room  for  a  brief  hint.  We  may 
take  advantage  of  this  principle  by  associating  thought, 
either  by  comparison  or  contrast,  in  regard  to  time,  place, 


MEMORY.  85 

manner,  duration,  magnitude,  weight,  etc.  When  the 
subject  has  been  suitably  arranged,  associate  the  first 
thought  with  the  second,  finding  some  connection  or 
relation  between  them  that  will  lead  the  mind  from  the 
first  to  the  second.  Then,  in  like  manner,  associate  the 
second  with  the  third,  and  the  third  with  the  fourth,  and 
so  on  until  all  are  so  linked  together  in  a  connected  chain 
that  while  you  are  talking  the  first,  the  relation  discovered 
will  lead  the  mind  to  the  second;  while  you  talk  the 
second,  the  mind  will  be  led  to  the  third,  and  so  on  to 
the  end  of  your  subject. 

REVIEW. 

The  more  frequently  a  thought  is  presented  through 
the  channel  of  any  of  the  senses,  the  more  permanently 
it  becomes  fixed  in  the  memory;  but  reading  a  thought 
from  the  memory  is  much  more  effectual  than  reading 
from  a  book,  because  in  reading  from  the  memory  the 
attention  is  compelled  to  dwell  upon  the  thought,  and 
the  memory  is  brought  into  action.  When  a  chain  of 
thoughts  is  completed  by  association,  read  the  first 
thought,  then  read  it  from  memory;  then  read  the  second, 
and  repeat  the  two  from  memory,  then  read  the  third  and 
repeat  the  three,  and  so  on  to  the  end  of  the  subject, 
holding  all  in  the  memory  by  repeating  without  allowing 
time  to  forget.  In  this  manner  a  subject  may  be  com- 
mitted to  memory  by  one  reading,  by  reviewing  from  the 
beginning,  from  memory,  every  time  a  new  link  is  added 
to  the  chain  of  thoughts. 

The  divisions  of  the  books  of  the  Bible,  as  arranged  in 
Analysis  C,  furnish  an  excellent  and  profitable  lesson  for 
practice  on  this  plan  of  reviewing.  The  abbreviations 
we  have  arranged  will  be  found  convenient  for  practical 
use,  as  none  of  them  contain  more  than  two  letters 


86 


PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 


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ANALYSIS  c. 
DIVISIONS  OF  THE  BIBLE. 


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MEMORY.  87 

DIVISIONS   OF   THE    OLD    TESTAMENT. 

Pentateuch. 
Pentateuch,  Historical. 
Pentateuch  ;  Historical,  Poetical. 
Pentateuch,  Historical,  Poetical,  Prophetic  . 

DIVISIONS    OF    THE   NEW   TESTAMENT. 

Historical. 
Historical,  Epistles. 
Historical,  Epistles  •{  Pauline. 


Historical,  Epistles  ( 

(  General. 

Historical,  Epistles  (  ^aullne  1  Prophetical. 
I  General  J 

BOOKS   OF    THE    BIBLE. 

Genesis. 

Genesis,  Exodus. 

Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus. 

Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers. 

Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  Deuteronomy. 

Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  Deuteronomy, 
Joshua,  etc.,  to  Revelation. 

In  the  above  exercise  we  have  only  a  series  of  names; 
but  even  in  this  we  see  opportunity  for  arrangement  (or 
classification),  and  so  even  association  and  all  other  aids 
could  be  used  in  this  to  some  extent,  though  not  all  of 
them  as  fully  and  freely  as  in  a  series  of  thoughts.  The 
reader  will  think  of  many  other  series  of  words  that  he 
will  desire  to  transfer  to  the  memory,  and  will  find  them 
profitable  lessons  for  practice.  Any  series  of  thoughts 
can  be  transferred  to  the  memory  on  the  same  plan,  and 


PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

abundant  use  can  be  made  of  all  the  aids.  As  the  mem- 
ory becomes  strengthened  by  practice  upon  these  princi- 
ples, it  will  be  found  that  initial  letters  can  be  used  more 
in  the  place  of  words,  to  represent  thought.  The  more 
simple  the  symbol  used  to  represent  the  thought,  if  suffi- 
cient to  answer  the  purpose,  the  more  we  are  brought  to 
depend  upon  the  memory  and  bring  it  into  action.  The 
mind  can  finally  become  so  trained  to  the  use  of  these 
natural  principles  that  the  imagination  will  seize  and  use 
them  without  any  visible  symbols. 

On  the  left  side  of  Analysis  D,  we  have  the  initials  of 
the  United  States  and  Territories,  with  their  capitals.  A 
different  classification  is  sometimes  given,  but  the  divi- 
sions represented  here  are:  North  Eastern,  Middle  Belt, 
Western  Plateau,  North  Central,  Southern,  and  Pacific 
Coast.  In  the  initials  of  the  states  and  their  capitals, 
that  of  the  capital  follows  that  of  the  state,  commencing: 
Maine,  Augusta;  New  Hampshire,  Concord,  etc. 

HISTORICAL   EVENTS   AND   DATES. 

A  few  figures  can  be  caused  to  represent  a  large  amount 
of  history  by  first  letting  the  initial  of  the  event  follow 
the  date  until  the  event  becomes  so  associated  with  the 
date  that  the  initial  may  disappear,  and  the  event  be 
remembered  by  the  figures,  and  then  the  figures  may  dis- 
appear, and  the  memory  may  still  retain  the  event  with  the 
date.  In  Analysis  D,  at  the  right,  we  present  prominent 
events  of  the  world's  history,  with  their  dates,  which  we 
here  explain: — 

B.  C.  A.  D. 

4004  Creation  of  the  world.  1799  Washington  died. 

2349  Flood.  1801  Thomas  Jefferson  inaug. 

2233  Babylonian  Empire  founded,       1807  Steamboat  invented. 


X  E 


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MEMORY. 

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538  M 

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ANALYSIS  D. 

GEOGRAPHY.  HISTORY. 


90 


PERILS    4ND    POSSIBILITIES. 


1491  Exodus  from  Egypt. 
606  Captivity  in  Babylon. 
538  Medo-Persia  conquers  B. 
457  Rebuilding  of  Jerusalem. 
331  Grecia  conquers  Persia. 
168  Rome  conquers  Grecia. 

A.  D. 

70  Jerusalem  destroyed. 

'®  }  Division  of  Rome. 
48o  J 

538  Pope  in  power. 

1492  West  Indies  discovered. 
1467  N.  America  discovered. 
1498  S.  America  discovered. 
1520  Mexico  conquered. 
1565  St.  Augustine  founded. 
1582  Santa  Fe  founded. 
1607  Jamestown  founded. 
1620  Plymouth  Rock  landing. 
1732  Washington  born. 
1776  Independence  declared. 
1780  Dark  day. 

1783  Peace  declared. 
1787  Constitution  adopted. 
1789  Washington  inaug. 

1797  John  Adams  inaug. 

1798  Pope  captured. 

This  chronological  chain  of  events,  with  their  dates,  or  a 
similar  one,  using  different  events  and  different  dates,  if 
desired,  can  be  easily  recorded  in  the  memory  and  used 
as  skeleton  with  which  to  associate  many  other  events 
whose  dates  may  coincide  with  these,  or  fall  between  them. 

QUOTATIONS  AND   REFERENCES. 

A  very  important  question  with  many  is  how  to  remem- 
ber where  valuable  thoughts  are  recorded  in  the  Bible  or 
other  books. 

Write  the  thought,  or  a  question  that  calls  for  it,  fol- 


1809  J.  Madison  inaug. 

1811  Printing  press. 

1817  James  Monroe  inaug. 

1825  J.Q.  Adams  inaug.  R.R.cars. 

1829  Andrew  Jackson  inaug. 

1833  Stars  fell. 

1837  M.  VanBuren  inaug.  Teleg. 

1841  W.  H.  Harrison  inaug. 

1841  J.  Tyler  inaug. 

1845  J.  K.  Polk  inaug. 

1846  Mexican  war  declared. 

1849  Zachary  Taylor  inaug. 

1850  Millard  Fillmore  inaug. 
1853  Franklin  Pierce  inaug. 
1857  James  Buchanan  inaug. 
1861  Lincoln  inaug. 

1865  Andrew  Johnson  inaug. 
1869  U.  S.  Grant  inaug. 

1876  Telephone  invented. 

1877  R.  B.  Hayes  inaug. 
1881  J.  A.  Garfield  inaug. 
1881  C.  A.  Arthur  inaug. 
1885  Grover  Cleveland  inaug. 
1889  Benjamin  Harrison  inaug. 

1893  Grover  Cleveland  inaug. 

1894  China  invaded. 


MEMORY.  91 

lowed  by  the  book,  chapter,  and   verse   in   which   the 
thought  is  recorded,  thus: — 

What  is  sin?     1  John  3:4. 
What  its  penalty  ?     Rom.  6 : 23. 
What  its  source?     Matt.  15:19. 

Then  write  a  word,  followed  by  the  book,  chapter,  and 
verse,  to  represent  the  thought,  book,  chapter,  and  verse, 
thus: — 

Sin.     1  John  3: 4. 
Penalty.     Roni.  6:23. 
Source.     Matt.  15:19. 

Now  write  the  initial  of  the  word,  followed  by  the 
chapter  and  verse,  to  represent  the  thought,  book,  chapter, 
and  verse,  thus: — 

S3:4. 
P6:23. 
815:19. 

The  effort  of  the  mind  to  remember  the  book  by  the 
chapter  and  verse,  will  not  only  fix  the  book  in  the  mem- 
ory, but  will  so  fasten  the  attention  upon  the  chapter  and 
verse  that  these  will  be  fixed  in  the  memory,  and  all  will 
be  connected  by  the  principle  of  association. 

OVERSTRAINING. 

I 

The  organ  of  memory  (as  with  every  other  physical 
organ)  is  strengthened  and  educated  by  a  proper  amount 
of  exercise;  but  by  overstraining,  it  becomes  weakened 
and  exhausted.  When  in  this  condition,  the  attempt  to 
force  from  it  its  hidden  treasures,  will  be  both  injurious 
and  vain.  Time  will  be  gained  by  awaiting  its  spontane- 
ous action. 

Jay,  of  Bath,  says:  "Memory  is  a  good  servant,  but  it 
likes  to  be  trusted." 


92  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

OBJECTS   OF   MEMORY. 

As  all  thoughts  that  are  presented  to  the  mind  can  not 
be  remembered,  a  wise  choice  is  very  important.  Light 
reading  enfeebles  memory,  makes  it  a  toy  shop,  a  lumber 
room,  a  sieve.  Memory  becomes  much  injured  by  reading 
works  of  fiction,  or  those  things  that  are  not  worth  remem- 
bering, on  account  of  their  lack  of  truth.  Even  if  these 
untrue  thoughts  were  retained,  they  would  be  an  injury 
to  the  memory  by  crowding  out  thoughts  that  are  true. 
If  such  things  are  read  and  not  remembered,  it  gets  the 
memory  in  the  habit  of  acting  the  part  of  a  sieve,  and  it 
will  be  likely  to  practice  the  same  habit  in  regard  to 
truth. 


THE  FOUNTAIN. 


(93) 


THE   FOUNTAIN   OF   LIFE. 

The  Bible  gives  us  a  perfect  rule  of  life,  and  presents 
a  perfect  life  as  our  pattern.  Life  is  voluntary  action. 
The  voluntary  action  of  any  being  determines  his  charac- 
ter. The  character  of  the  Author  of  life  is  expressed  in 
a  brief  stanza  in  one  of  our  hymns : — 
"Beyond  this  vale  of  tears, 

There  is  a  life  above, 
Unmeasured  by  the  flight  of  years; 

And  all  that  life  is  love." 

The  last  three  words  of  this  stanza  reveal  the  Fountain 
of  life. 

"LIFE  is  LOVE." 

This  is  the  subject  on  which  we  wish  to  present  a  few 
thoughts,  in  plain,  simple  language.  Gen.  1:3  is  plain 
and  simple:  "And  God  said,  Let  there  be  light;  and  there 
was  light."  But  the  original  is  more  simple,  and  more 
beautiful : — 

"GOD  SAID,  LIGHT  BE!  AND  LIGHT  WAS." 

I  think  the  beauty  of  such  simple  expressions  is  rather 
in  the  thought  than  in  the  words.  Language  is  only  a 
medium  for  conveying  thought  from  mind  to  mind;  and 
the  most  simple  language  presents  the  thought  with 
greatest  clearness. 

The  secret  of  the  beautiful  thoughts  of  the  Bible  is 
revealed  in  Isa.  55 : 8,  9 : — 

"For  my  thoughts  are  not  your  thoughts,  neither  are 
(94) 


THE    FOUNTAIN    OF    LIFE.  95 

your  ways  my  ways,  saith  the  Lord.     For  as  the  heavens 
are  higher  than  the  earth,  so  are  my  ways  higher  than 
your  ways,  and  my  thoughts- than  your  thoughts." 
The  simple  text  that  we  have  chosen  is 

THE   MOST   BEAUTIFUL   SENTENCE   EVER   WRITTEN. 

You  will  find  it  in  1  John  4:16  :— 


This  text  is  so  short,  so  plain,  and  so  simple,  that  there 
might  seem  to  be  nothing  to  say  about  it ;  and  yet  it  con- 
tains a  depth  of  meaning  that  is  beyond  the  power  of 
human  language  to  unfold.  \Ve  are  so  wrapped  about 
with  selfishness,  and  know  so  little  of  love,  that  a  being 
who  is  all  love,  is  beyond  our  comprehension.  The 
natural  selfishness  of  man  is  well  expressed  by  the  poet 
who  says: — 

"The  wretch,  concentered  all  in  self, 
Living,  shall  forfeit  fair  renown, 
And  doubly  dying,  shall  go  down 
To  the  vile  dust  from  wrhence  he  sprung 
Unwept,  unhonored,  and  unsung." 

Yes,  "doubly  dying,"  his  body  buried  in  the  earth,  and 
the  memory  of  his  life  of  selfishness  buried  in  eternal 
oblivion.  Some  have  even  dared  to  contradict  the  grand 
truth  contained  in  our  text,  because  they  have  failed  to 
comprehend  it;  but  unbelief  is  only  another  character- 
istic of  our  fallen  race.  Perhaps  this  fact  could  be  stated 
in  no  plainer  terms  than  in  the  words  of  David,  in 
Ps.  53:1:- 

"The  fool  hath  said  in  his  heart,  There  is  no  God." 
Whatever  the  man  of  learning  might  say  with  his  lips, 
who  but  the  fool  could  say,  "within  the  silent  chambers 


96  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

of  the  heart,"  "There  is  no  God,"  while  the  evidences  of 
the  Creator  are  so  clearly  seen  in  all  his  works? 
*  But  what  shall  be  said  of  the  man  who  can  deny  so 
plain  a  truth  as  the  one  in  our  text? — '-'God  is  love."  What 
a  beautiful  motto  this  would  be  if  some  hand,  with  the 
skill  of  a  Hogarth,  or  of  a  Michael  Angelo,  or  rather  with 
the  skill  of  an  angel,  would  write  upon  this  wall,  in  let- 
ters of  living  light : — 

"GOD  is  LOVE." 

But  there  is  no  need  to  write  it,  for  it  is  already  written 
everywhere,  till  there  is  no  place  to  write  it  more.  It 
beams  in  the  eye  of  the  blazing  sun.  It  is  written  on  the 
face  of  the  silvery  moon,  and  on  every  twinkling  star. 
It  flashes  its  light  from  every  electric  cloud,  and  from 
every  shooting  meteor  and  flying  comet.  It  shines  in  the 
gorgeous  colors  of  the  rainbow.  Can  any  one  object  to 
reading  from  the  book  of  nature  on  such  a  theme  as  this? 
Then  hear  David,  as  he  reads  from  the  same  book,  in 
Ps.  19:1-4:- 

"The  heavens  declare  the  glory  of  God  ;  and  the  firma- 
ment showeth  his  handiwork.  Day  unto  day  uttereth 
speech,  and  night  unto  night  showeth  knowledge.  There 
is  no  speech  nor  language,  where  their  voice  is  not  heard. 
Their  line  is  gone  out  through  all  the  earth,  and  their 
words  to  the  end  of  the  world." 

The  love  of  God  is  speaking  to  the  hearts  of  men  (and 
may  his  love,  rather  than  a  human  voice,  speak  to  all  our 
hearts  to-day);  his  love  is  speaking  to  the  hearts  of  men 
from  out  all  nature,  in  words  that  may  be  understood  by 
the  people  of  every  nation  and  language  ;  so  that  there 
is  indeed  "no  speech  nor  language  where  their  voice  is 
not  heard." 


THE    FOUNTAIN    OF    LIFE.  97 

God  has  given  us  one  book  that  has  been  many  times 
translated,  and  printed  in  many  languages;  but  he  has 
also  given  us  a  larger  book  that  all  may  read  in  the 
original  language  of  the  Author.  And  the  one  is  as  truly 
a  revelation  from  the  great  and  glorious  Creator  as  the 
other;  yet,  without  careful  study,  and  the  help  of  the 
Spirit  that  inspired  them,  we  may  fail  to  understand 
either.  This  larger  book  of  God,  called  "the  book  of 
nature,"  is  not  only  indorsed  by  David,  but  also  by  many 
other  Bible  writers.  The  world's  greatest  Teacher,  who 
"spake  as  never  man  spake,"  directs  us  to  study  both 
these  books.  Pointing  to  one,  he  says,  "Search  the 
Scriptures,"  and  turning  to  the  other,  he  invites  us  to 
"consider  the  lilies."  And  he  whose  learning  and  elo- 
quence astonished  the  Athenian  philosophers  at  Mars 
Hill,  and  "almost  persuaded"  King  Agrippa  "to  be  a 
Christian,"  says,  "All  Scripture  is  given  by  inspiration  of 
God,  and  is  profitable."  And  concerning  the  larger  book, 
he  says,  in  Rom.  1:19,  "Because  that  which  may  be 
known  of  God  is  manifest  in  them  [margin,  "to  them,"' 
that  is,  to  the  heathen];  for  God  hath  showed  it  unto 
them."  He  has  shown  it  unto  them  plainly  written  in 
the  book  of  nature,  as  declared  in  the  next  verse:  "For 
the  invisible  things  of  him  from  the  creation  of  the  world 
are  clearly  seen,  being  understood  by  the  things  that  are 
made,  even  his  eternal  power  and  Godhead;  so  that  they 
are  without  excuse."  Then  even  the  heathen,  who  have 
only  read  the  book  of  nature,  are  without  excuse  if  they 
have  not  learned  the  character  of  God  as  revealed  in  our 
text;  for  this  glorious  truth  comes  pouring  into  the  soul 
th rough  every  channel  of  our  senses.  It  sparkles  from 
the  crest  of  every  ocean  wave,  and  from  every  shining 
dewdrop.  It  is  written  on  the  loftiest  forest  trees,  and 
7 


1)8  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

on  every  blade  of  grass  and  blooming  flower,  and  on  the 
sunbeam  that  paints  their  lovely  hues.  But,  best  of  all, 
it  is  written  in  the  hearts  of  the  creatures  of  his  care, 
"God  is  love." 

If  this  text  has  awakened  our  thoughts,  they  will  begin 
to  expand,  as  we  consider  the 

EXTENT    OF    HIS    LOVE. 

In  Eph.  3:16-19,  Paul  gives  us  an  idea  of  the  magni- 
tude of  this  subject,  praying  "that  he  would  grant  you, 
according  to  the  riches  of  his  glory,  to  be  strengthened 
with  might  by  his  Spirit  in  the  inner  man;  that  Christ 
may  dwell  in  your  hearts  by  faith ;  that  ye,  being  rooted 
and  grounded  in  love,  may  be  able  to  comprehend  with 
all  saints  what  is  the  breadth,  and  length,  and  depth,  and 
height;  and  to  know  the  love  of  Christ,  which  passeth 
knowledge,  that  ye  might  be  filled  with  all  the  fulness 
of  God." 

In  this  sublime  language  is  revealed  love,  not  like  our 
own,  "concentrated  all  in  self,"  but  extending  in  every 
direction;  for  it  tells  of  its  breadth,  and  length,  and 
depth,  and  height,  and  these  without  limit;  for  David 
says,  in  Ps.  103 : 11,  "For  as  the  heaven  is  high  above  the 
earth,  so  great  is  his  mercy  toward  them  that  fear  him." 
Therefore,  his  love  is  boundless  as  the  universe.  If  our 
thoughts  expand  with  a  view  of  the  extent  of  his  love, 
our  hearts  will  be  kindled  to  a  warmer  glow,  by  what  we 
find  revealed  concerning  the 

OBJECTS    OF    HIS    LOVE. 

The  love  of  God  for  his  only-begotten  Son  was  spoken 
from  heaven  to  earth,  as  Jesus  arose  from  his  baptism  in 
the  waters  of  the  Jordan,  It  was  the  voice  of  the  loving 


THE    FOUNTAIN    OF    LIFE.  99 

Father,  speaking  from  his  throne  in  glory,  as  recorded 
in  Matt.  3:17:  ''This  is  my  beloved  Son,  in  whom  I  am 
well  pleased."  And  the  Saviour  sends  the  echo  back 
from  earth  to  heaven:  "For  thou  lovedst  me  before  the 
foundation  of  the  world."  John  17:24.  But  how  lim- 
ited must  be  our  highest  conceptions  of  the  infinite  love 
of  God  for  that  Son  who  is  "the  chiefest  among  ten 
thousand,"  and  the  one  who  "is  altogether  lovely."  The 
thought,  so  difficult  for  our  faith  to  grasp,  that  we  may 
share  the  same  love,  is  expressed  in  John  17:23:  "And 
that  the  world  may  know  that  thou  hast  sent  me,  and 
hast  loved  them,  as  thou  hast  loved  me."  And  not  only 
may  we  share  the  same  love,  but  the  fact  that  we  may 
even  be  received  as  his  sons,  is  held  up  in  1  John  3 : 1,  as 
one  of  the  grandest  possibilities  Heaven  has  to  offer  to 
the  human  race.  "Behold,  what  manner  of  love  the 
Father  hath  bestowed  upon  us,  that  we  should  be  called 
the  sons  of  God;  therefore  the  world  knoweth  us  not, 
because  it  knew  him  not."  But  this  honoris  not  attained 
without  the  separating  and  purifying  described  in  2  Cor. 
6:17,  18;  7:1:  "Wherefore  come  out  from  among  them, 
and  be  ye  separate,  saith  the  Lord,  and  touch  not  the 
unclean  thing;  and  I  will  receive  you,  and  will  be  a 
Father  unto  you,  and  ye  shall  be  my  sons  and  daughters, 
saith  the  Lord  Almighty.  Having  therefore  these  prom- 
ises, dearly  beloved,  let  us  cleanse  ourselves  from  all 
filthiness  of  the  flesh  and  spirit,  perfecting  holiness  in 
the  fear  of  God."  And  this  cleansing  is  not  accomplished 
without  suffering. 

Rom.  8: 17:  "And  if  children,  then  heirs;  heirs  of  God, 
and  joint-heirs  with  Christ;  if  so  be  that  we  suffer  with 
him,  that  we  may  be  also  glorified  together."  If  God  is 
to  glorify  us  as  his  sons,  we  must  expect  him  to  deal  with 


100  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

us  as  such.  Heb.  12:6-8:  "For  whom  the  Lord  loveth 
he  chasteneth,  and  scourgeth  every  son  whom  he  receiveth. 
If  ye  endure  chastening,  God  dealeth  with  you  as  with 
sons;  for  what  son  is  he  whom  the  father  chasteneth  not? 
But  if  ye  be  without  chastisement,  whereof  all  are  par- 
takers, then  are  ye  bastards,  and  not  sons." 

When  he  deals  with  us  as  with  sons,  how  often  we 
mistake  his  love  for  anger;  and  how  serious  are  the  errors 
of  hasty  judgment!  Let  me  tell  you  a  little  piece  of  a 
story:  "An  artist  had  just  completed  a  valuable  picture, 
when  his  friend,  who  loved  him,  intentionally  and  wil- 
fully destroyed  it."  "Oh,  no,"  you  say,  "not  his  friend 
who  loved  him,  but  his  enemy  who  hated  him,  destroyed 
the  picture!  "  I  do  not  wonder  that  you  think  so,  from 
what  evidence  you  have  heard ;  but  now  listen  to  the 
whole  story  told  in  few  words,  and  see  how  suddenly 
you  will  reverse  your  decision.  "A  skilful  artist  had 
spent  much  time  and  labor  in  painting  a  beautiful  picture 
on  the  upper  part  of  a  high  wall;  and  after  giving  it  a 
few  finishing  touches,  he  stepped  back  to  admire  his 
work,  when  his  friend,  who  stood  with  him  on  the  same 
scaffold,  seeing  that  he  was  about  to  fall  backward,  and 
that  there  was  but  one  thing  to  do,  seized  a  brush  filled 
with  paint,  and  struck  it  upon  the  beautiful  picture, 
spoiling  in  an  instant  the  careful  work  of  many  days. 
The  artist  sprang  forward,  too  late  to  save  the  picture, 
but  just  in  time  to  save  his  life.  And  when  he  knew  of 
the  danger  from  which  he  had  escaped,  he  saw  that 
the  stroke  was  not  in  anger,  but  in  love." 

Sometimes  our  attention  is  all  absorbed  in  our  worldly 
business;  and  our  affections  are  so  fastened  upon  the 
works  of  our  hands,  that  we  are  about  to  fall  into  destruc- 
tion. Our  heavenly  Father  sees  our  danger;  and  with 


THE   FOUNTAIN    OP   LIFE.  101 

one  sudden  stroke,  lie  sweeps  from  us  the  results  of  our 
days  or  years  of  toil,  as  the  only  means  of  saving  us. 
And  then,  oh,  then,  we  fail  to  understand  the  design  of  his 
dealing;  the  world  has  so  blinded  our  minds  and  hard- 
ened our  hearts!  But  can  any  heart  be  so  cold  and  hard 
that  it  never  melts  at  the  words  of  Jesus  in  John  3:16: 
''For  God  so  loved  the  world,  that  he  gave  his  only- 
begotten  Son,  that  whosoever  believeth  in  him  should 
not  perish,  but  have  everlasting  life"? 

THE   EXCEEDING   MYSTERY   OF    HIS   LOVE 

is  in  the  infinite  sacrifice  by  which  it  is  manifested  toward 
the  disobedient.  Rom.  5:8:  "But  God  commendeth  his 
love  toward  us,  in  that,  while  we  were  yet  sinners,  Christ 
died  for  us."  Amazing  condescension!  Matchless  love! 
"While  we  were  yet  sinners,  Christ  died  for  us." 

Kor  is  Ex.  20:5  any  contradiction  of  our  text.  It^ays, 
"Visiting  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the  children 
unto  the  third  and  fourth  generatioji  of  them  that  hate 
me;"  but  this  does  not  prove  that  God  hates  the  sinner; 
for  Prov.  13  :24  says,  "He  that  spareth  his  rod  hateth  his 
son  ;  but  he  that  loveth  him  chasteneth  him  betimes." 

God  pours  his  love  upon  sinners  in  showers  of  bless- 
ings; and  when  this  fails  to  reform  them,  he  tries  to  teach 
them  the  lesson  of  obedience,  by  letting  them  feel  the 
results  of  their  iniquity;  and  when  they  continually 
refuse  life,  in  his  love,  and  in  his  pity,  he  finally  does  the 
best  he  can  for  them,  by  letting  them  have  their  choice. 
How  many  commit  suicide  because,  by  a  course  of  sin, 
they  make  their  existence  so  miserable  that  they  can  not 
endure  all  of  this  short  life!  Would  it  be  any  favor  to 
them  to  force  an  endless  life  upon  them  against  their  will? 
We  are  all  introduced  into  life  without  our  choice;  but 
life  eternal  will  be  only  for  those  who  choose  it. 


102  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

After  setting  before  the  children  of  Israel  the  way  of 
life,  with  its  blessings,  and  the  downward  road  to  death, 
with  its  curses,  Moses  says,  in  Deut.  30: 19:  "I  call  heaven 
and  earth  to  record  this  day  against  you,  that  I  have  set 
before  you  life  and  death,  blessing  and  cursing;  therefore 
choose  life,  that  both  thou  and  thy  seed  may  live."  But  Jer. 
8:  3  foretells  that  "death  shall  be  chosen  rather  than  life 
by  all  the  residue  of  them  that  remain  of  this  evil 
family."  How  unsatisfying,  how  vain,  how  transitory, 
the  existence  of  those  who  choose  death  rather  than  life! 
And  with  what  relief  our  minds  turn  from  the  infinite 
perils  to  which  they  are  exposed,  to  inquire  about  the 

DURATION   OF    GOD'S   LOVE! 

How  brief  and  uncertain  earthly  friendships  often 
prove!  Those  who  profess  great  love  for  us  for  a  time, 
may  suddenly  become  our  enemies.  Not  so  with  the  love 
of  God.  He  says:  "I  have  loved  thee  with  an  everlasting 
love;  therefore  with  loving-kindness  have  I  drawn  thee." 
Jer.  31 :  3.  Again,  Hosea  11:4,  "I  drew  them  with  cords 
of  a  man,  with  bands  of  love."  But,  as  the  attraction 
of  the  earth  is  in  proportion  to  the  distance,  and  by  the 
power  of  the  will  we  may  increase  or  diminish  the  dis- 
tance, so  in  regard  to  the  power  that  draws  us  toward  God: 
it  may  be  resisted  by  our  will,  and  we  may  separate  our- 
selves farther  from  him,  or  we  may  yield,  and  he  will 
draw  us  still  nearer  to  himself.  Then  why  should  we 
ever  tremble  with  doubts  and  fears?  If  we  will  only 
yield  to  the  influence  of  his  everlasting  love,  he  will 
draw  us  unto  himself,  and  keep  us  where  nothing  can 
separate  us  from  him;  for  Paul  says,  in  Rom.  8:38,  39, 
"For  I  am  persuaded,  that  neither  death,  nor  life,  nor 
angels,  nor  principalities,  nor  powers,  nor  things  present, 


THE    FOUNTAIN    OF    LIFE.  103 

nor  things  to  come,  nor  height,  nor  depth,  nor  any  other 
creature,  shall  be  able  to  separate  us  from  the  love  of 
God,  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord." 

It  may  be  our  privilege  to  have  such  a  view  of  the 
love  of  God  that  we  can  exclaim  with  Paul,  in  Rom.  11 :33, 
"O  the  depth  of  the  riches  both  of  the  wisdom  and 
knowledge  of  God!" 

And  the  knowledge  of  God  reveals  to  us  the 

ORIGIN   OF   LOVE. 

Pure  love  is  the  only  motive  that  can  produce,  preserve, 
control,  or  increase  pure  and  perfect  life.  Therefore  love 
is  the  fountain  of  life;  and  God  is  love.  He  is  the  source 
and  fountain  of  love.  With  him  it  originates,  and  from 
him  proceeds  all  the  love  in  the  universe;  for  "love  is  of 
God."  1  John  4:7,  8:  "Beloved,  let  us  love  one  another; 
for  love  is  of  God;  and  every  one  that  loveth  is  born  of 
God,  and  knoweth  God.  He  that  loveth  not,  knoweth 
not  God  ;  for  God  is  love."  Then  he  that  has  not  learned 
the  truth  of  our  text  has  no  knowledge  of  the  true  God. 
The  light,  which  proceeds  from  its  source,  in  the  sun,  is 
reflected  by  every  object  upon  which  it  falls,  except  those 
objects  that  are  perfectly  black.  And  so  the  beams  of 
God's  love,  as  they  fall  upon  us,  will  be  reflected  back 
toward  him,  and  toward  all  our  fellow-creatures,  if  we 
are  not  bodies  of  darkness.  If  we  do  not  possess  this 
reflecting  power  that  causes  love  to  flow  from  heart  to 
heart,  we  need  not  expect  that  any  will  be  convinced  that 
we  have  the  truth.  1  John  4:6:  "Hereby  know  we  the 
spirit  of  truth,  and  the  spirit  of  error."  The  Spirit  of 
God  is  the  spirit  of  truth ;  and  the  law  of  God  is  his 

BANNER    OF    TRUTH. 

Ps.  119:142:  "Thv  law  is  the  truth."     Ps.  60:4:  "Thou 


104  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

hast  given  a  banner  to  them  that  fear  thee,  that  it  may 
be  displayed  because  of  the  truth."     Then,  as  we  hold  up 
the  law  of  God  before  the  people,  let  us  display  it  because 
of  the  truth,  and  not  for  the  sake  of  argument. 
Being  his  banner  of  truth,  it  must  be  also  his 

BANNER    OF    LIGHT. 

Ps.  119 : 105:  "Thy  word  is  a  lamp  unto  my  feet,  and  a 
light  unto  my  path."  John  17: 17 :  "Sanctify  them  through 
thy  truth;  thy  word  is  truth."  Ps.  119:142:  "Thy  law  is 
the  truth."  Prov.  6:23:  "For  the  commandment  is  a 
lamp;  and  the  law  is  light." 

Truth,  light,  life,  and  love  proceed  from  the  same  foun- 
tain. Ps.  36:9:  "With  thee  is  the  fountain  of  life."  As 
love  is  the  fountain  of  life,  and  true  life  is  love,  and  God 
is  love,  his  law  is  also  his 

BANNER    OF    LIFE. 

Prov.  4:4:  "Keep  my  commandments,  and  live."  Prov. 
11:19:  "As  righteousness  tendeth  to  life  ;  so  he  that  pur- 
sueth  evil  pursueth  it  to  his  own  death."  Eze.  18:19: 
"When  the  son  hath  done  that  which  is  lawful  and  right, 
and  hath  kept  all  my  statutes,  and  hath  done  them,  he 
shall  surely  live."  Matt.  19  : 17:  "If  thou  wilt  enter  into 
life,  keep  the  commandments."  As  pure  life  is  love,  it 
follows  that  God's  law  is  also  his 

BANNER    OF    LOVE. 

Rom.  13:10:  "Love  is  the  fulfilling  of  the  law."  Sol- 
omon's Song  2:4:  "He  brought  me  to  the  banqueting 
house,  and  his  banner  over  me  was  love."  Then  let  us 
bear  it  as  a  banner  of  love,  and  not  of  strife  and  con- 
tention. 

The  safet}^  of  those  who  find  refuge  under  God's  pro- 


THE    FOUNTAIN    OF    LIFE.  105 

tecting  banner,  is  faintly  illustrated  by  a  story  that  I  once 
read:  "A  man  came  over  from  Europe  to  the  United 
States;  but,  not  being  pleased  to  remain  here,  he  went  to 
Cuba,  at  the  time  they  were  having  civil  war  on  that 
island.  And  there,  while  far  away  from  home  and  friends, 
a  stranger  in  a  foreign  land,  he  was  suspected;  tried,  and 
condemned  as  a  spy.  He  applied  to  the  American  consul, 
and  to  the  British  consul,  who  were  soon  convinced  that 
the  man  was  no  spy,  but  an  honest  man.  So  they  went 
to  the  Spanish  officers  and  told  them,  'The  man  that  you 
have  condemned  to  be  shot  is  not  a  spy.'  But  the  offi- 
cers replied,  'The  man  has  been  tried  and  condemned  by 
our  court;  and  the  law  must  take  its  course!  The  next 
day,  the  hour  appointed  for  the  execution  arrives.  Here 
stands  the  poor  man,  with  the  black  cap  drawn  over  his 
eyes;  and  yonder  the  soldiers,  with  their  loaded  guns, 
stand  in  line,  waiting  for  one  word  from  the  commander, 
and  the  poor  man's  life  will  be  taken.  But  suddenly  a 
carriage  drives  up,  and  the  two  consuls  spring  out,  each 
bearing  in  his  hand  the  banner  of  his  country.  Approach- 
ing the  poor  man,  from  whom  the  hope  of  life  has  fled, 
they  wrap  the  British  flag,  and  then  the  Star-spangled 
Banner,  around  his  body.  Then  the  consuls  turn  to  the 
soldiers  and  say, 

'FIRE  ON  THOSE  FLAGS  IF  YOU  DARE.' 

Not  a  gun  was  fired.  There  were  two  powerful  govern- 
ments behind  those  banners;  not  a  Spanish  soldier  would 
dare  to  fire  upon  them." 

To  the  soldier,  whose  ear  is  familiar  with  the  voice  of 
war,  there  is  meaning  in  the  banners  of  earth's  mightiest 
nations.  And  does  the  banner  of  love,  that  has  been 
stained  by  the  precious  blood  of  the  victorious  Leader  of 


106  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

the  armies  of  heaven,  have  any  meaning  to  those  who 
have  enlisted  under  it?  We  have  all  been  wandering,  as 
strangers  and  pilgrims  in  an  enemy's  land,  and  have 
been  condemned  to  death.  And  though  we  have  been 
really  guilty,  yet,  if  the  Consul  from  heaven  has  met  us 
in  a  foreign  land,  has  pardoned  our  offenses,  has  even 
brought  us  to  his  banqueting  house,  and  his  banner  over 
us  is  love,  there  is  an  infinitely  more  powerful  govern- 
ment behind  that  banner;  and  if  we  abide  under  the 
shadow  of  its  protecting  folds,  all  the 

HEAVY    ARTILLERY    OF    EARTH    AND    HELL 

will  not  be  able  to  roll  one  wave  of  trouble  against  our 
peaceful  refuge;  but,  finding  a  welcome  in  the  eternal 
home  of  the  glorious  Captain  of  our  salvation,  we  shall 
be  forever  secure. 

Then  who  would  not  forsake  the  black  banner  of  the 
prince  of  darkness,  and  enlist  under  the  banner  of  truth, 
the  banner  of  light,  the  banner  of  life,  the  banner  of 
love? 

Oh,  listen  to 

THE   LAST,  THE   SWEETEST    GOSPEL    INVITATION! 

Rev.  22:17:  "And  the  Spirit  and  the  bride  say,  Come. 
And  let  him  that  heareth  say,  Come.  And  let  him  that 
i£  athirst  come.  And  whosoever  will,  lot  him  take  the 
water  of  life  freely." 


THE  CONFLICT. 

Before  the  sunlight  smiled  upon  the  earth, 

Or  moonbeam  danced  upon  the  ocean  wave, 

Beside  eternity's  bright  morning  star, 

Sat  TRUTH,  upon  her  glorious  golden  throne; 

And  in  her  strong  right  hand  the  scepter  swayed 

O'er  boundless  realms  of  purity  and  peace; 

While  that  great  clock,  whose  wheels  are  rolling  spheres. 

Its  slow  revolving  ages  measured  off; 

In  such  deep  silence  ever  moving  on, 

Its  sweetly  solemn  tone  is  never  heard, 

Save  in  the  deep,  still  chambers  of  the  heart 

Of  him  whose  silent  soul  communes  with  heaven. 

There  came  at  length  the  day,  and  that  dark  hour, 

When  Falsehood  had  its  birth;  the  first-born  son 

Of  one  cast  out  from  'midst  the  stones  of  fire. 

And  when  the  earth  was  formed,  a  home  for  man, 

Then  from  her  throne,  on  brightest  pinions,  down 

Through  star-gemmed  regions  of  the  upper  deep, 

Truth,  robed  in  light  and  beauty,  winged  her  way 

Downward,  still  downward,  passing  worlds  unknown, 

On  mercy's  friendly  mission  moving  forth, 

With  song  celestial,  sought  our  new-born  earth. 

And  in  her  hand  she  bore  the  priceless  boon 

Of  joy  and  peace,  for  all  who  dwell  below. 

But  scarcely  is  it  pressed  to  human  lips, 

When  FALSEHOOD,  in  his  malice  creeping,  forth, 

His  inky  poison  mingles  in  the  cup. 

Oh,  first  sad  hour  in  all  the  flight  of  time, 

(108) 


THE   CONFLICT.  109 

That  saw  man  drink  the  intoxicating  cup 

That  crazed  his  brain,  and  dimmed  his  mental  sight, 

And  hid  from  view  the  purer  bliss  of  heaven! 

When  thus  insulted,  slighted,  scorned,  and  grieved, 

Truth  spreads  her  shining  wings  and  heavenward  soars; 

And  Falsehood  spreads  o'er  earth  his  midnight  pall. 

My  harp  is  on  the  willows  hung ; 
And  now  my  song  in  sadness  weeps. 

0  lovely  Truth,  return!  return! 

Is  this  thine  everlasting  flight? 
Return  to  earth,  to  bless  our  race, 

And  drive  away  this  dark,  dark  night. 

Hark!  echoed  from  the  upper  dome, 

What  song,  celestial,  greets  mine  ear? 
Singing  to  man  of  hope  and  home, — 

The  voice  of  Truth,  so  loud  and  clear. 

Some  notes  I  hear,  in  that  sweet  song, 

That  lift  my  drooping  spirits  higher. 
There  comes  a  mighty  Conqueror,  strong, 

To  bruise  the  head  of  Falsehood's  sire. 

That  song  rolls  down  the  ages  still, 

Xor  shall  its  echoes  ever  die, 
But  echo  on  from  hill  to  hill, 

Till  all  have  heard  beneath  the  sky. 

But  what  is  that  discordant  sound, 

From  lower  regions  seems  to  rise, 
That  seeks  the  voice  of  Truth  to  drown 

With  its  hoarse,  jarring,  dismal  cries? 


110  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Tis  Falsehood's  voice,  though  coarse  and  rough, 
Succeeds  the  human  ear  to  charm, 

Nor  is  Truth's  music  sweet  enough 
To  win  man  from  the  tyrant's  arm. 

Truth's  song  was  heard  in  Enoch's  day; 

Its  notes  of  music  thrilled  his  soul. 
His  voice  caught  up  the  swelling  lay, 

And  bade  its  echoes  onward  roll. 

"Behold,"  said  he,  "the  Lord  will  come, 

Attended  by  ten  thousand  saints." 
Then  all  will  stand  before  him  dumb 

Who  uttered  here  their  false  complaints. 

He  will  convince,  with  judgments  just, 
All  who  have  walked  in  Falsehood's  ways, 

And  who  have  followed  their  own  lust, 

With  swelling  words  given  men  the  praise. 

With  hearts  grown  hard,  in  Enoch's  time, 
They  turned  away  their  calloused  ears; 

Their  guilty  hands  were  stained  with  crime; 
They  heeded  not  his  prayers  and  tears. 

Then  Enoch  dropped  his  earthly  lyre, 
And  upward  took  his  heavenly  flight, 

Where  now  he  joins  the  angel  choir, 
In  realms  of  everlasting  light. 

Moses,  while  in  the  mount  of  God, 
Received  the  heavenly  song  in  prose, 

Lo!  Israel's  sons  to  idols  nod, 

As  down  the  sacred  mount  he  goes, 


THE    CONFLICT. 

But  David  took  that  mountain  prose, 

And  wove  it  in  poetic  verse; 
And  from  his  harp  those  notes  arose 

That  charmed  the  earth  before  the  curse. 

Elijah  heard  the  still,  small  voice; 

While  walking  through  the  midst  of  foes 
He  made  the  path  of  Truth  his  choice, 

And  in  a  fiery  chariot  rose. 

Isaiah  sings  Messiah's  praise, 

And  of  that  blissful  rei^n  of  peace, 

When,  throned  with  Truth  through  endless  days, 
His  government  shall  still  increase. 

Ezekiel  says,  "Iniquity 

Shall  have,  at  last,  a  final  end, 
And  Falsehood's  father  be  consumed; 

His  ashes  with  the  earth  shall  blend ; 

"And  Falsehood's  rule  be  thrice  o'erturned; 

And  He  whose  right  it  is  to  reign 
Shall  be  established  on  His  throne, 

And  Falsehood  never  rise  again." 

So  faint  the  notes  of  Truth  become, 
As  down  the  years  of  time  they  roll, 

They  seem  almost  to  lose  their  power 
To  wake  the  slumbers  of  the  soul. 

But  Falsehood's  voice,  in  louder  tones, 

Is  filling  all  the  earth  with  noise; 
Though  all  his  notes  are  human  groans, 

He  still  can  make  men's  hearts  his  toys. 


"GLORY  IN  THE  HIGHEST,  GLORY, M 


THE    CONFLICT.  113 


But  hark!  Celestial  strains  once  more 
Are  heard  afar  o'er  Bethlehem's  plain. 

Does  lovely  Truth  sail  near  our  shore, 
That  earth  may  hear  her  song  again? 

Did  ever  Memnon's  melting  strain 
Sweep  the  heart-strings  with  such  power? 

Or  bind  it  with  such  mystic  chain, 
As  at  this  silent  midnight  hour? 

Hark!     Oh,  hear  the  wondrous  story! 

Angels,  sound  the  notes  again! 
"Glory  in  the  highest,  glory! 

Peace  on  earth,  good- will  to  men!" 

Now  one  appears  of  Israel's  race, 

Who  hears  that  sweet  voice  sounding  still, 
The  wilderness  his  dwelling  place; 

Truth's  softest  tones  his  heart  could  thrill. 

His  voice,  by  prophet  long  foretold, 
To  action  stirred  the  souls  of  men. 

As  o'er  the  gathering  throng  it  rolled, 
They  longed  to  hear  his  words  again. 

"Ye  sons  of  men,  prepare,"  he  cries, 
"The  way  for  Him  who  comes  to  save  ; 

Make  straight  His  paths;  for  He  shall  rise, 
And  o'er  the  earth  his  scepter  wave." 

Then  comes  to  earth  the  Prince  of  Peace ; 

And  Truth  in  human  robes  appears, 
From  Falsehood's  fetters  to  release, 

And  wipe  away  the  bitter  tears. 
8 


THE   CONFLICT.  115 


He  spake  as  never  man  before. 

He  taught  the  law  of  truth  and  love; 
And  bade  his  followers  evermore 

Proclaim  the  message  from  above. 

Enraged,  now  Adam's  deadly  foe, 
Who  holds  in  bondage  all  his  race, 

Would  lay  the  second  Adam  low, 
And  hold  him  chained  in  death's  embrace. 

Xor  solid  rock,  nor  death,  nor  hell 

Can  hold  him  down  when  he  would  rise. 

Go,  wondering  men  and  angels,  tell 

His  flight  in  triumph  through  the  skies. 

And  now  the  song  with  greater  power 
Rolls  o'er  the  distant  plains  of  earth, 

Proclaims  to  man  salvation's  hour, 
That  all  may  know  its  priceless  worth. 

But  lo,  what  work  has  Falsehood  made, 
Since  man  first  listened  to  his  voice! 

His  fair  domain  in  ruin  laid, 

An  emblem  of  his  foolish  choice. 

This  cunning  foe  of  Adam's  race 

Has  ever  mocked  the  work  of  Heaven 

With  counterfeits,  to  fill  the  place 

Of  that  pure  worship  Truth  had  given. 

At  first  he  turned  his  blinded  slave, 

From  Him  who  made  the  earth  and  sky, 

To  lifeless  gods  that  can  not  save, 

That  can  not  hear  them  when  they  cry. 


THE   CONFLICT.  117 

And  then  to  turn  bis  thoughts  away 

From  Him  who  made  the  heaven  and  earth, 

He  mocks  the  great  memorial  day 
That  celebrates  creation's  birth. 

He  sets  apart,  insultingly, 

A  day  to  celebrate  the  sun; 
And  triumphs  then,  exultingly, 

As  men  indorse  what  he  has  done. 

Then,  what  amazing  blasphemy! 

So  have  his  impious  crimes  increased, 
"The  mystery  of  iniquity" 

Would  counterfeit  our  great  High  Priest. 

No  more  can  he  deceive  the  world 

With  idols  dumb,  that  have  no  life; 
For  Truth  her  shining  beams  has  hurled 

O'er  all  this  dark,  broad  field  of  strife. 

And  now,  that  he,  from  west  to  east, 

May  rule  them  with  his  sorcerer's  rod, 
He  tells  them  that  his  great  high  priest, 

Established  on  the  earth,  is  God. 

On  this  false  rock  he  seeks  to  build 

His  church,  e'en  Babylon  the  Great, 
Whose  realm  shall  be  with  darkness  filled, 

As  his  own  heart  is  filled  with  hate. 

Then,  in  his  tabernacle  new, 

He  sits,  with  arrogance  and  pride, 
And  rnocks  the  tabernacle  true, 

And  tries  the  book  of  truth  to  hide. 


THE   CONFLICT.  119 


The  righteous  law  of  Truthi  and  love, 
With  hate,  he  tramples  in  the  dust ; 

And  boasts  that  now  he  sits  above 
Its  glorious  Author,  who  is  just. 

In  Luther's  soul  the  living  flame 
Aroused  him  in  his  darkened  cell. 

He,  in  down-trodden  Freedom's  name, 
Boldly  defies  the  powers  of  hell. 

The  false  priest  trembles  on  his  throne. 

That  spark  of  reformation  fire 
Shall  sweep  the  earth  from  zone  to  zone, 

Till  all  these  midnight  shades  retire. 

A  star  of  hope  is  rising  high 
O'er  the  benighted  sons  of  men. 

And  voices  echo  from  the  sky, 

"Truth  crushed  to  earth  shall  rise  again.'' 

And  rising  now,  lo!  who  is  he 

That  doth  majestically  stand, 
With  one  foot  on  the  rolling  sea, 

The  other  on  the  trembling  land? 

His  robe,  a  cloud,  a  glorious  one. 
.  His  crown,  a  radiant  rainbow  beamed. 
His  face  was  like  the  blazing  sun. 
His  feet  as  fiery  pillars  gleamed. 

His  hand  held  out  an  open  book. 

He  cried,  as  when  a  lion  roars; 
His  voice,  like  echoing  thunders,  shook 

The  earth  to  its  remotest  shores. 


120  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Behold,  he  lifts  to  heaven  his  hand, 
And  swears  by  Him  who  ever  lives, 

Who  made  the  heaven,  and  sea,  and  land. 
Hark!  while  the  judgment  hour  he  gives. 

Ye  nations,  stand  before  him  dumb; 

And  hear  his  voice  from  shore  to  shore: 
"The  hour  of  judgment  now  is  come  ; 

The  time  foretold,  shall  be  no  more." 

A  voice  from  Babylon  now  is  heard ; 

The  harlot  mother  makes  reply, 
"I  don't  believe  the  prophet's  word." 

Her  daughters  answer,  "Nor  do  I." 

"I  will  not  yield  to  God's  command." 
The  daughters  answer,  "No,  nor  I." 

"We'll  keep  the  customs  of  our  land," 
Then  every  daughter  echoes,  "I." 

And  she  has  made  all  nations  drink 

Falsehood's  intoxicating  wine, 
Lest  any  soul  should  pause  to  think, 

And  know  the  message  is  divine. 

Another  angel  now  proclaims 

The  fall  of  Babylon  the  Great, 
Because  she,  with  such  liquid  flames. 

All  nations  did  intoxicate. 

"The  conflict  deepens!     Rouse,  ye  brave!" 
Come,  with  the  Spirit's  sword  in  hand, 

The  precious  law  of  Truth  to  save; 
Its  power  proclaim  in  every  land. . 


THE    CONFLICT.  121 


An  angel  rising  from  the  east, 
Now  bore  aloft  the  seal  of  God ; 

To  crown,  while  war's  loud  thunder  ceased, 
All  who  the  narrow  way  have  trod. 

To  his  loud  voice,  all  nations,  hark! 

"All  who  to  serve  the  beast  combine, 
Or  in  their  hand  receive  his  mark, 

Shall  drink  of  wrath,  unmingled  wine." 

But  still,  in  their  delirious  dreams, 
The  brain-bewildered  sons  of  men 

Fill  all  the  air  with  horrid  screams, 
And  drink  the  poisoned  cup  again. 

Hark!  'mid  all  these  empty  noises, 
VTbat  melodious  sounds  I  hear, 

Wafted  from  angelic  voices, 
Sweetly  falling  on  mine  ear, 

Glad  tidings  of  the  coming  One, 

Resounding  through  the  air! 
Awake!  arouse!  0  freedom's  son, 

Go  forth  to  do  and  dare. 

The  last  fierce  battle  is  begun. 

Who  takes  the  side  of  Truth? 
Her  voice  now  calls  for  every  one. 

Enlist,  ye  noble  youth. 

Unfurl  the  banner  o'er  the  land, 

And  loud  the  trumpet  blow. 
The  day  of  vengeance  is  at  hand! 

Let  all  the  nations  know. 


THE    CONFLICT.  123 


And  while  the  furious  battle  raged, 
From  heaven,  with  mighty  power, 

An  angel  clothed  with  light  came  down 
To  speak  the  fatal  hour 

When  Babylon  should  meet  her  doom; 

Her  sins  have  reached  to  heaven; 
Here  on  the  earth  no  longer  room 

Shall  unto  her  be  given. 

As  she,  from  out  her  poisonous  cup, 

Adds  trouble  to  our  trouble, 
So  let  the  fierce  plagues  eat  her  up, 

And  double  to  her  double. 

For  she  has  lived  deliciously, 

In  courts  of  cruel  kings, 
While  mocking,  most  maliciously, 

All  consecrated  things. 

In  vain  the  murmuring  merchants  mourn. 

Now  who  will  buy  those  rolls 
Of  dainty  goods  their  ships  have  borne, 

And  slaves,  and  human  souls? 

A  mighty  angel  took  a  stone 

And  dropped  it  in  the  sea, 
And  said  that  thus,  when  overthrown, 

Shall  Babylon  ever  be. 

Now  earth  is  one  great  battle  field, 

And  fiercer  grows  the  strife. 
Will  Truth  to  countless  numbers  yield 

Or  struggle  now  for  life? 


124  PERILS   AND   POSSIBILITIES. 

Now  Falsehood  dares,  in  open  day, 

The  God  of  heaven  defy, 
And,  with  a  horrid  oath,  to  say 

The  little  flock  shall  die. 

Then  from  the  little  flock  arose 

One  agonizing  prayer: 
"Oh!  save  us  from  our  deadly  foes 

0  Lord,  thy  people  spare!" 

Hark!  louder  than  the  thunder's  roll, 
A  voice  now  shakes  the  heaven, 

And  shakes  the  earth  from  pole  to  pole; 
The  firmament  is  riven. 

And  now  the  opening  heavens  display 

The  glorious  King  of  kings, 
In  heaven's  magnificent  array. 

Salvation,  lo!  he  brings. 

See  heaven's  armies  riding  forth, 

On  horses  purely  white, 
To  sweep  rebellion  from  the  earth, 

And  vindicate  the  right. 

An  angel,  standing  in  the  sun, 

Cries  to  the  fowls  of  heaven, 
"All  to  the  royal  banquet  come, 

Where  flesh  of  kings  is  given." 

Now  Falsehood  marshals  all  his  hosts, 

Gathered  from  every  land, 
And  in  his  desperation  boasts, 

'Gainst  heaven  he'll  take  his  stand. 


THE    CONFLICT.  125 

Then  Truth,  flying  downward  as  swift  as  the  light, 

She  seized,  with  her  powerful  hand, 
And  tore  the  invisible  curtain  of  night 

From  over  our  sin-darkened  land. 


(Our  minds  seem  here  to  fly  off  in  a  tangent  to  the 
first  stanza  of  that  grand  epic  poem  : — 


'When  Freedom,  from  her  mountain  height, 

Unfurled  her  standard  in  the  air, 
She  tore  the  azure  robe  of  night, 

And  set  the  stars  of  glory  there. 
She  mingled  with  its  glorious  dyes 
The  milky  baldrick  of  the  skies, 
And  striped  its  pure  celestial  white 
With  streakings  of  the  morning  light." 

The  connecting  thought  is  this,  that  when  this  beauti- 
ful poetic  picture  of  the  American  flag  is  presented  before 
our  minds,  as  we  fix  our  eyes  for  a  moment  upon  those 
"stars  of  glory"  and  those  "streaks  of  light,"  we  almost 


126  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

seem  to  see  the  "gleams  of  the  golden  morning;"  but 
when  the  roar  of  the  raging  conflict  awakens  us  from 
that  pleasing  dream,  behold,  "the  azure  robe  of  night" 
still  hangs  as  a  pall  of  darkness  above  our  heads. 

"There  was  a  sound  of  revelry  by  night, 
And  Belgium's  capital— 
No,  Beelzebub's  capital,  Babylon  the  Great, 

"Had  gathered  there"  her  shadowy  chivalry. 
And  the  legions  of  Falsehood,  in  their  blind  mad- 
ness, were  still  rushing  on  to  battle  in  the  darkness. 
But  that  glorious  morn  will  break,  and  the  shadows 
flee  away ;  and,  encouraged  by  this  hope,  and  with  a 
desire  to  follow  the  "conflict"  on  toward  the  dawn  of 
that  glad  morning,  we  now  retrace  the  tangent.) 


When  Truth,  flying  downward  as  swift  as  the  light, 

Shall  seize  with  her  powerful  hand, 
And  tear  the  invisible  curtain  of  night 

From  over  our  sin-darkened  land, 

Then  the  legions  of  Falsehood  in  agony  lie; 

Their  courage  has  suddenly  flown. 
"Ye  mountains  and  rocks  on  us  fall,"  they  all  cry, 

''Hide  us  all  from  the  King  on  the  throne." 

The  lightnings  now  flash  from  the  two-edged  sword 

The  legions  of  Falsehood  lie  dead. 
The  Prince  of  salvation  has  spoken  one  word; 

All  the  fowls  with  their  flesh  are  now  fed. 


THE    CONFLICT.  127 

Conquered  Falsehood  has  then  but  one  place  he  can  dwell, 

And  so  to  that  bosom  retreats, 
Where,  chained  with  his  father,  and  cast  down  to  hell, 

His  sentence,  the  judgment,  awaits. 

Oh,  Truth  in  glad  triumph  then  spreads  her  bright  wings, 

And  rising  toward  heaven  she  soars; 
And  the  grand,  glorious  anthem  of  victory  she  sings, 

Reechoes  from  heavenly  shores! 

Its  melody  seems  all  creation  to  fill, 

And  the  angels  all  join  in  the  chorus. 
His  people,  immortal,  their  glad  voices  thrill 

With,  "Praise  to  our  King  who  reigns  o'er  us." 

Ye  stars  of  creation,  come  witness  the  sight, 

This  retinue  rising  in  glory, 
All  moving  toward  heaven  through  regions  of  light. 

Oh,  publish  the  wonderful  story! 

All  worlds  gaze  in  wonder  as  onward  they  move. 

All  hearts  to  their  music  are  beating. 
May  not  every  creature  the  moment  improve, 

And  come  to  this  heavenly  meeting? 

And  now  they  approach  the  pure  city  of  gold, 
Whose  walls  with  bright  glory  are  gleaming, 

And  a  grand  note  of  triumph  before  them  is  rolled 
To  the  pearly  gates,  beautifully  beaming. 

"Oh,  lift  up  your  heads,  ye  beautiful  gates; 

Lift  them  up,  everlasting  doors! 
Before  them  the  great  King  of  glory  awaits, 

With  jewels  from  earth's  darkened  shores," 


128  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Then  the  angels  within  cry,  "Who  is  the  King 

Of  glory  that  comes  to  these  gates?" 
And  the  angels  without  triumphantly  shout, 

While  the  Conqueror  patiently  waits: 

"The  Lord,  strong  and  mighty;  in  battle  how  strong! 

Now  lift  up  your  heads,  O  ye  gates,  to  your  King, 
Ye  doors  everlasting;"  with  notes  loud  and  long, 

The  angels  in  triumph  exultingly  sing. 

"Who  is  King  of  glory?"     They  love  that  sweet  name; 

Repeating  the  story,  'tis  ever  the  same. 
"The  Lord  of  all  hosts,  he  of  glory  is  King," 

All  voices  united  triumphantly  sing. 

"We  have  a  strong  city;"  its  palaces  ring; 

"Salvation  for  bulwarks  and  walls." 
"Ye  pearly  gates  open,"  the  voice  of  the  King 

On  the  ear,  with  rich  melody  falls. 

The  angels  all  listen  to  hear  his  sweet  voice; 

The  pearly  gates  glisten;  the  ransomed  rejoice. 
"Come,  0  righteous  nation,  my  law  ye  obeyed! 

Accept  my  salvation,  no  longer  delayed. 

"Come,  enter  your  home  in  the  city  of  gold; 

Sweet  rest  in  its  mansions  you'll  find. 
Come,  walk  through  its  streets,  while  its  glories  unfold. 

Once,  for  you,  this  bright  home  I  resigned." 

They  enter  the  beautiful  dwelling  of  Truth, 

And  eat  of  the  life-giving  tree. 
They  bloom  in  the  glory  of  unfading  youth, 

From  sorrow  eternally  free. 


THE   CONFLICT.  129 


0  thousand  years  of  peaceful  rest! 

0  thousand  years  of  glory! 
Shall  I  be  numbered  with  the  blest, 

And  sing  redemption's  story  ? 

And  now,  that  God's  great  universe 

May  be  forever  loyal, 
And  all  may  understand  the  curse 

That  marred  his  kingdom  royal, 

Behold  the  black,  chaotic  home 

Of  Falsehood  and  his  sire, 
Where  they  a  thousand  years  shall  roam, 

Until  the  day  of  fire! 

And  when  a  thousand  years  have  rolled, 

That  justice  may  be  shown, 
All  who  were  found  in  Falsehood's  fold, 

Must  stand  before  the  throne. 

And  as  that  mighty  rebel  host 

Awake  again  to  life, 
Falsehood  flies  quickly  through  their  ranks, 

And  stirs  them  up  to  strife. 

In  countless  numbers  they  surround 

The  city  fair,  from  heaven. 
\Vith  shoutings,  o'er  their  battle  ground, 

The  very  air  is  riven. 

Then  Falsehood's  father  makes  his  boast, 
"That  city  shall  be  taken." 
But  suddenly  that  rebel  host 
With  terror  wild  is  shak< 
9 

UNIVERSITY 


130  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Behold,  the  sword  of  Truth  on  high 

Is  now  drawn  out  before  them, 
And  flashes  lightning  from  the  sky 

In  showers  of  vengeance  o'er  them. 

Behold  the  great  rebellion  crushed, 

And  Falsehood  overpowered. 
All  who  in  his  broad  road  have  rushed, 

With  him  are  now  devoured. 

The  earth  from  sin  is  purified ; 

And  Truth  is  now  invited 
To  come,  and  on  the  earth  abide, 

With  Peace  and  Love  united. 

Sailing  down,  she  is  singing  a  soul-melting  strain; 

On  the  wall  of  the  city  she  lights. 
Every  voice  throughout  all  the  creation  again 

In  the  loud-pealing  chorus  unites: — 

"All  blessing  and  honor  and  glory  and  power, 

Be  given  to  Him  on  the  throne ; 
And  unto  the  Lamb,  from  this  glorious  hour, 

Supreme  adoration  be  shown." 

And  while  the  sweet  years  of  eternity  roll, 
While  roll  the  bright  waves  of  life's  river, 

The  gift  of  salvation  inspires  every  soul 
With  praise  to  the  bountiful  Giver. 

0  Paradise,  then  will  thy  glory  appear ! 

There  will  be  no  more  shadow  of  night;   -. 
For  then  will  thy  dazzling  splendor  be  here,^ 

And  the  earth  be  all  radiant  with  light. 


THE   CONFLICT. 


131 


All  things  that  have  life  will  be  loyal  and  brave 

As  long  as  the  heavens  endure, 
And  Truth's  glorious  banner  eternally  wave 

O'er  a  universe  stainless  and  pure. 


ALGOMA. 

[From  the  diary  of  the  agent,  D.  A.  Owen;  revised  by  his  brother.] 

ALGOMA,  how  I  love  thy  name! 
I  love  thy  limestone  rocks  the  same 
As  when  I  trod  thy  tamarack  swamps, 
And  gathered  berries  'mong  the  rocks. 

0  Algoma,  where  I  did  roam, 
And  labor  far  away  from  home, 
And  tried  your  wayward  sons  to  win, 
And  lead  them  from  the  paths  of  sin! 

Algoma,  I  have  toiled  away, 

From  early  dawn  till  close  of  day, 

Down  in  thy  cabins,  with  anxious  soul, 

To  persuade  thy  children  their  names  to  enroll 

For  the  book  that  would  teach  them  how  to  go, 
Their  souls  to  save  from  death  and  woe, 
And  guide  them  safe  through  earth's  dark  night, 
And  lead  them  to  the  land  of  light. 

From  Owen  Sound  I  took  the  boat, 
Passing  Lonely  Island,  where  once  did  float 
The  steamer  Asia;  but  she  went  down; 
All  but  two  of  her  hundred  souls  did  drown. 

The  Atlantic  pulled  us  safely  through, 
And  landed  us  all  on  the  Great  Manitou. 
At  Manitowaning  I  stepped  on  the  land, 
And  a  Jesuit  Indian  gave  me  his  hand. 
(132) 


ALGOMA.  133 

At  sight  of  the  natives  I  felt  depressed; 

They  were  so  ill  featured  and  strangely  dressed. 

Then  sadness  came  over  my  soul  like  a  pall, 

But  a  voice  seemed  to  say,  "Make  the  best  of  it  all." 

I  found  I  had  come  in  the  midst  of  their  haying, 

And  soon  was  advised,  "There's  no  use  in  your  staying" 

(By  one  who  seemed  morally  sure  that  he  knew). 

"You  can  corne  here  again  when  the  haying  is  through." 

To  the  sweet  Clover  Valley  I  wended  my  way, 
And  found  them  all  busy  securing  their  hay. 
The  women  were  lending  a  kind  helping  hand, 
As  weather  was  "catchy"  in  Algoma  land. 

So  up  on  the  haystacks  I  hastened  to  show 
That  my  work  was  important.     The  message  must  go. 
There  is  power  in  the  truth;  it  touched  hearts  that  day; 
They  asked  me  to  dine,  and  all  night  with  them  stay. 

Leaving  Manitowaning,  Little  Crescent  was  found, 
Where  the  bare  limestone  rock  formed  the  face  of  the 

ground. 

There  the  tall  forest  trees  years  ago  had  been  burned ; 
And. the  deep  soil  of  muck  had  to  ashes  been  turned. 

From  the  cracks  in  the  rocks  a  new  forest  was  springing, 
Inviting  the  warblers  to  cheer  us  with  singing. 
And  raspberry  bushes  sprang,  bending  with  fruit, 
From  the  hard  fertile  rocks  so  cold  and  so  mute. 

Leaving  my  horse  to  be  well  fed, 
Through  standing  wheat  the  pathway  led, 
O'er  corduroy  roads  that  were  all  afloat, 
To  where  huge  Indians  were  loading  a  boat. 


134  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

But  there  was  found,  at  close  of  day, 
A  pretty  village  by  the  bay. 
Then  six  good  orders  from  the  flock 
Of  fishers  living  on  the  rock. 

They  all  agreed  that  delivering  day 
Would  find  the  money  with  Mr.  McKay. 
But  it  proved  again,  as  you've  often  heard, 
That  "men  do  not  always  keep  their  word." 

McKay  was  a  Scotchman,  whose  strength  had  been  tried. 

A  dollar  induced  him  to  venture  as  guide. 

He  took  four  of  the  books,  and  I  carried  two. 

From  bog  to  bog  stepping,  we  found  our  way  through. 

Just  as  midnight  was  trying  its  silence  to  keep, 
We  found  all  the  fishermen  fast  asleep. 
Mr.  Richie  arose  and  examined  the  book 
Which,  after  an  hour,  he  finally  took. 

I  slept  better  then,  because  I  well  knew 

Mr.  Richie  was  boss  of  that  fishermen  crew. 

I  was  working  again  before  break  of  day; 

Soon  the  men  in  their  boats  would  be  speeding  away. 

Limestone  rocks  at  Gore  Bay  were  two  hundred  feet  high ; 
And  their  shells  seemed  to  tell  that  in  years  long  gone  by 
The  briny  ocean  did  toss  and  roll 
Over  Algoma  with  full  control. 

It  was  sixty  miles  to  Meldrom  Bay, 
With  a  very  rough  road  nearly  all  the  way. 
The  two-wheeled  cart  to  and  fro  would  swing, 
And  the  rider  almost  to  the  ground  would  fling. 


ALGOMA.  135 

\ 

When  eight  miles  of  cedar  swamp  were  past, 
One  lone  human  dwelling  appeared  at  last. 
But  the  place  was  so  heavily  mortgaged  away 
That  the  man  had  no  money  for  books  to  pay. 

He  told  me  no  prospects  were  on  my  way 
Until  I  arrived  at  Meldrom  Bay. 
Completely  discouraged,  I  decided  to  stay 
With  Walker's  son,  and  return  the  next  day. 

Then  I  found  I  had  lost  a  horseshoe  nail, 
And  dare  not  return  o'er  that  dismal  trail. 
So  on  to  Meldrom  I  must  go; 
For  Providence  seemed  to  order  it  so. 

This  last  place  on  the  island  soon  yielded  eight  orders. 
Could  I  ever  deliver,  and  escape  from  these  borders? 
The  mud  was  so  deep  with  mire  and  muck 
That,  with  my  two-wheeled  cart,  I  nearly  got  stuck. 

But  when  the  time  came  that  my  books  were  on  hand, 
One  who  had  battled  the  storms  by  sea  and  by  land, 
Hitched  up  his  nice  team  and  took  me  around; 
And  thus  a  way  through  the  mud  was  found. 

Returning  to  the  southern  shore, 
Those  limestone  plains  I  see  no  more, 
But  granite  rocks  on  every  hand 
Are  towering  high  above  the  land. 

And  sparkling  streams  are  rushing  through 

From  rocky  beds  and  chasms  too. 

But  mid-October  now  is  come, 

And  snow  comes  gently  falling  down. 


136  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

January  9  sad  news  I  learned, 
My  house  in  my  native  land  was  burned. 
But  my  fears  were  calmed  when  I  was  assured 
How  my  wife  and  children  the  trial  endured. 

As  the  winter  advances,  the  weather  grows  colder. 
Is  the  canvasser  bold?     He  must  still  become  bolder. 
Though  the  cold  winter  pinches  his  fingers  and  toes, 
He  can  tell  of  some  beauties  he  sees  where  he  goes. 

In  Algoma  the  cold  is  thirty-six  below, 
While  deep  and  still  deeper  falls  the  snow. 
The  air  is  stirred  by  the  music  of  bells, 
As  sleighs  go  jingling  through  the  dells. 

Higher  and  higher  the  snow  is  piled, 
O'er  houses  and  meadows,  and  forests  wild, 
On  all  the  stumps,  rocks,  logs,  and  rails; 
Every  tree  is  rigged  out  with  snowy  sails. 

Spruce  and  hemlock  boughs  are  bending  low, 
And  all  things  are  loaded  with  loads  of  snow; 
And  scarcely  a  zephyr  moves  in  the  air, 
As  Algoma  sits  for  her  picture  fair. 

And  now  we  halt  and  look  within, 
To  see  our  soul  all  stained  with  sin; 
But  what  a  happy  thought  to  know 
Jesus  can  make  it  white  as  snow  ! 

As  signs  are  thickening  all  around, 
The  agent  hastens  o'er  his  ground. 
With  zeal  he  presses  on  his  way, 
Laboring  ten  or  twelve  hours  a  day. 


ALGOMA.  137 

In  eighty-eight  hours  after  the  loss  of  his  dwelling 
He  took  eighty-eight  orders  of  those  who  were  willing. 
These  eighty-eight  orders  so  rapidly  taken 
Xow  give  the  assurance  that  he  is  not  forsaken. 

0  white-robed  Algoma,  when  thy  picture  is  taken, 
Why  are  thy  white  tresses  so  fearfully  shaken? 
And  while  T  am  telling  of  all  of  thy  glory, 
And  have  been  writing  out  thy  wonderful  story, 

Having  just  sent  it  home  to  Willie  and  Lura, 
Why  hast  thou  turned  on  me  in  all  of  thy  fury? 
The  snap  of  thy  kodak  wakes  zephyrs  and  breezes; 
As  they  changed  to  a  blast,  how  it  pinches  and  freezes ! 

Then  it  turns  to  a  gale,  like  the  work  of  some  wizard  • 
The  gale  to  a  tempest,  and  then  to  a  blizzard. 
The  driving  snowflakes  filled  the  air  ; 
The  storm  was  howling  everywhere. 

It  beat  against  the  agent's  face, 
As  the  snowy  road  he  tried  to  trace. 
The  drifting  snow  fast  filled  the  track. 
The  storm  king  tried  to  drive  him  back. 

On  through  the  tempest  wild  he  pressed, 
And  hoped  to  reach  a  place  of  rest. 
From  the  snow-covered  track  he  was  led  astray; 
In  the  blinding  storm  he  lost  his  way. 

Lost  'mid  the  deep'ning  snows  that  drift 
Around  the  snow-clad  rocks  that  lift 
Their  ghostly  forms  so  high  in  air, 
And  from  every  side  upon  him  stare. 


138  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Say,  do  not  try  to  scare  me  so, 
But  tell  me  now  which  way  to  go. 
The  gloomy  rocks  their  silence  keep. 
Must  I  among  them  fall  asleep, 

And  perish  here  so  far  from  home  ? 
To  this  strange  land  why  did  I  roam  ? 
Must  wife  and  children  sorrowing  wait 
And  weep,  but  never  know  my  fate  ? 

Why  did  I  roam?     Twas  for  His  cause 
Who  gave  to  us  His  righteous  laws; 
For  Him  who  all  our  blessings  gave ; 
For  Him  who  now  has  power  to  save; 

For  Him  whose  love  our  hearts  can  warm ; 
For  Him  who  rules  the  raging  storm. 
Perhaps  He  now  will  hear  my  prayer; 
Perhaps  He  yet  my  life  will  spare. 

0  Father,  whose  all-seeing  eye 
Beholds  this  tempest  sweeping  by; 
Whose  ear  can  hear  the  wanderer's  cry, 
Oh,  do  not  leave  me  here  to  die; 

But  gently  lead  me  by  thy  hand, 
To  serve  thee  in  some  other  land ! 
Nor  does  he  in  this  time  of  need 
His  wandering  child  refuse  to  lead. 

And  I  no  longer  stem  the  tide, 
And  wander  on  without  a  guide. 

1  yield.     By  the  dim  snowy  track 
By  which  I  came,  I  follow  back. 


AI.GOMA.  130 

But  was  this  battle  given  up 
With  having  tasted  of  the  cup? 
Xo;  after  resting  for  the  night, 
He  rises  for  another  fight. 

And  as  another  day  dawns  o'er  him, 
A  fiercer  battle  is  before  him. 
The  biggest  shell  that  has  struck  him  yet 
Was  a  snow-bank  that  his  sleigh  upset. 

A  runaway  was  the  next  ceremony, 
To  try,  in  deep  snow,  the  speed  of  the  pony. 
By  the  lines  the  agent  was  drawn  along, 
Until  the  pony  was  wearied  down. 

After  this,  another  stormy  day; 

And,  with  seventy-seven  books  in  his  sleigh, 

He  started  out  in  a  blizzard  storm ; 

The  snow-banks  would  almost  hide  the  form 

Of  the  pony  as  he  went  plunging  through, 
And  then  again  would  appear  in  view, 
But  soon  became  weary  and  wallowed  down, 
And  then  no  other  way  was  found 

Except  for  the  agent  to  dig  him  out. 

Then  all  of  the  rig  he  turned  about, 

Went  back  to  King's  barn  with  horse  and  sleigh, 

And  there  he  concluded  to  let  them  stay. 

And  now  he  engages  in  heavier  labors, 
Carrying  books  on  his  back  to  several  neighbors, 
With  the  help  of  a  man  to  carry  his  load; 
With  lantern  in  hand,  over  snow-banks  they  strode. 


140  PERILS   AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Behind  a  rock  the  moon  arose. 

The  night  so  cold  they  almost  froze. 

A  youth  takes  three  books  and  pilots  him  round; 

Through  hemlock  groves  sheltered  roads  were  found. 

At  a  house  he  delivered  a  part  of  his  load, 

And  found  two  stout  Scotch  boys  to  help  break  the  road. 

They  trampled  a  pathway  for  most  half  a  mile, 

And  he  entered  Me  Arthur's  house  with  a  smile. 

Arriving  at  nine,  he  waited  till  ten ; 

And  then  McArthur  came  home  again. 

His  neighbor  was  sick,  that  was  what  made  him  go, 

And  then  to  his  armpits  wade  back  in  the  snow. 

The  agent  was  wading  before  break  of  day, 
Finding  people  at  breakfast  when  two  miles  away. 
He  received  one  kind  favor  at  a  country  store, 
Where  he  stopped  with  some  books  and  delivered  four. 

For  these  four  subscribers,  the  burden  was  lifted. 
He  scarcely  could  reacli  them,  the  snow  was  so  drifted. 
At  that  place  a  pair  of  fine  snowshoes  he  bought, 
Which,  no  doubt,  by  some  Indian  were  carefully  wrought. 

That  same  night  he  traveled  as  far  as  Smith's  farm, 
Where  he  and  his  pony  were  sheltered  from  harm. 
While  crossing  the  road  in  the  cold,  driving  storm, 
A  fine  Highland  Scotchman,  with  heart  true  and  warm, 

Was  walking  in  snowshoes,  with  lantern  in  hand. 
As  they  met  in  the  highway,  they  came  to  a  stand. 
Back  to  Smith's,  and  the  Scotchman,  collecting  some  pay, 
Paid  the  bill  for  six  books,  and  then  took  them  awav. 


ALGOMA.  141 

By  the  honest  look  upon  his  face, 
The  smiling  agent  seemed  to  trace 
The  thought  that  he  must  love  the  truth, 
Perhaps  had  sought  it  from  his  youth. 

Now  let  the  scoffing  skeptic  cavil; 
But  the  agent  was  saved  nine  miles  of  travel. 
On  him  kind  Providence  seemed  to  smile, 
And  pour  down  blessings  all  the  while. 

He  continued  his  journey  the  following  day, 
Till  in  a  snow-bank,  discouraged,  his  pony  lay. 
Then  over  the  pony  a  warm  robe  he  threw, 
And  talked  with  a  farmer  of  what  he  should  do. 

After  digging  and  stamping  and  tramping  awhile, 
The  pony  pulled  through  the  last  quarter  of  a  mile. 
After  noon  the  storm  grew  fierce  and  free, 
As  he  jumped  his  sleigh  o'er  a  fallen  tree. 

Reaching  Smith's  (as  far  as  the  road  was  broke), 
Calling  in,  for  a  stay  over  Sabbath  he  spoke. 
At  four,  on  his  snowshoes,  he  started  that  day 
To  deliver  a  book  about  one  mile  away. 

On  the  top  of  the  snow  he  walked  aloft, 
But  soon  upset  in  a  snow-bank  soft. 
Wading  heels  over  head  was  not  his  intention ; 
But  how  he  got  out  he  will  not  here  mention. 

He  would  "try,  try  again,"  with  resolute  will; 
For  he  was  determined  his  order  to  fill. 
When  again  on  his  shoes,  there  swept  such  a  gale 
As  would  almost  make  the  stoutest  heart  quail. 


142  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

With  cautious  tread  and  bracing  nerve, 
He  found  his  snowshoes  well  did  serve. 
Soon  sheltered  by  a  hemlock  border, 
He  made  the  trip  and  filled  his  order. 

In  one  small  room,  now  eight  the  number, 
How  in  one  bed  could  all  find  slumber? 
But  soon  I  found  in  such  cold  weather 
Four  children  trundle  toes  together. 

From  a  cubby-hole  came  one  tick  more, 
And  a  bed  was  made  upon  the  floor. 
The  stove  was  kept  red-hot  and  bright. 
Window-panes  thick  with  frost  all  night. 

With  two  boys  the  agent  tried  to  sleep. 
Chilblains  their  feet  astir  did  keep. 
After  eight  days  of  blizzard,  dawned  one  day  fair. 
When  the  sun  went  down,  storms  again  tore  the  air. 

But  the  agent  starts  out,  though  stormy  winds  blow. 
To  reach  Mr.  Smith's  he  has  seven  miles  to  go. 
Again  he  is  favored,  finds  Smith  at  the  store, 
Who,  with  his  strong  horse,  now  drives  on  before 

But  now  three  more  days  more  perilous  still, 
And  fourteen  more  books  his  orders  to  fill. 
Another  storm  came,  the  deep  snow  piling  higher. 
How  happy  the  man  who  can  sit  by  the  fire! 

But  onward,  still  onward,  the  agent  must  go, 
Now  riding,  then  tramping  a  road  in  the  snow, 
Then  coaxing  the  pony,  while  freezing  winds  blew, 
Till  they   came  to  a  snow-bank  they  could  not   pass 
through. 


ALGOMA.  143 

He  covered  the  pony  and  let  him  stand, 
While  he  went  to  seek  a  helping  hand. 
Three  men  helped  dig  out  the  horse  and  sleigh, 
And  showed  him  a  road  round  another  way. 

He  delivered  his  books,  bade  Algoma  good-by, 
And  his  heart  leaped  for  joy  as  his  home  he  drew  nigh. 
In  recounting  his  blessings,  his  trials  seemed  small. 
The  reward  of  well-doing  makes  up  for  them  all. 

It  seemed  "in  green  pastures"  his  soul  had  been  fed, 
And  "beside  the  still  waters"  had  safely  been  led. 
Trials  only  seemed  oases  green  by  the  way, 
To  give  courage  for  battle  at  some  future  day. 

He  is  longing  to  meet,  on  a  happier  shore, 
Those  for  whom  he  has  labored,  and  greet  them  once  more; 
But  his  face  is  now  turned  to'rd  the  far-setting  sun  ; 
For  he  hopes  that  his  labor  is  not  yet  all  done. 

He  has  heard  of  the  isles,  in  the  west  far  away, 
Where  people  in  darkness  are  waiting  for  day; 
His  soul  is  now  thrilled,  and  his  mind  filled  with  awe, 
On  his  wav  to  the  islands  that  wait  for  God's  law. 


BROKEN   BANDS. 

"Tis  a  time  for  memories  and  for  tears. 

Within  the  deep,  still  chambers  of  the  heart," 

There  linger  yet  sweet  thoughts  of  other  days, 

That,  even  in  life's  loneliest  hours, 

Still  point  their  silent  finger 

"To  the  beautiful  and  holy  visions 

That  have  passed  away,"  but  left 

Their  rosy  beams  of  light  to  cheer 

The  lonely  pilgrim  on  whose  path 

The  evening  shadows  fall; 

Even  as  yonder  setting  sun,  hiding  his  face, 

Leaves  richest  colors  on  that  cloud  to  glow, 

While  gently  falls  the  sable  mantle  o'er  the  earth. 

So,  as  I  wander  in  this  wilderness  alone,- 

Sweet  thoughts  of  friends  and  home 

Come  stealing  o'er  the  placid  waters  of  my  soul, 

As  breezes  from  some  well-remembered  isle 

Come  gently  stealing  o'er  the  quiet  sea. 

And  so  these  memories  come,  and  then 

These  tears;  and  yet  my  softened  spirit 

Does  not  bid  them  cease  to  flow. 

I  .write  a  line,  then  pause  to  weep, 

Then  write,  and  weep  again. 

0  the  home  of  my  childhood, 

So  dear  to  my  heart; 
Kot  for  splendor  of  wealth, 

Nor  the  polish  of  art, 
10  (145) 


PERILS   AND   POSSIBILITIES. 

But  true  hands,  loving  hearts, 
And  bright  faces  were  there; 

'Twas  melodious  with  songs; 
It  was  hallowed  by  prayer. 

But  the  years,  rolling  onward, 

Have  scattered  that  band, 
As  the  ripe  leaves  of  autumn 

Are  strewn  o'er  the  land. 

Some  loveliest  flowers 

Have  faded  from  view, 
And  some  are  transplanted 

To  fields  that  are  new. 

To  another  bright  home, 

On  a  sunny  hillside, 
Came  a  warm-hearted  friend 

As  a  happy  young  bride. 

There  we  plucked  the  ripe  fruit, 
There  we  trellaced  the  vine ; 

And  the  sunshine  of  love 
In  its  brightness  did  shine. 

Then  there  came  to  our  Eden 

A  dear  little  child, 
Where  amid  the  bright  flowers 

It  flourished  and  smiled. 

Glad,  though  brief,  were  the  summers 

That  our  household  band 
Did  eat  the  ripe  fruits 

Of  that  bright,  sunny  land. 


BROKEN    BANDS.  147 


There  we  builded  a  house, 
But  we  left  it  to  strangers; 

While  they  gathered  the  clusters, 
We  went  forth  as  rangers. 

In  search  of  lost  sheep, 

We've  been  roaming  for  years, 
Sometimes  with  bright  smiles, 

And  at  times  shedding  tears. 

Our  daughter's  been  from  us 

To  seek  education 
To  fit  her  to  share 

In  the  work  of  salvation. 

We  have  hoped  that  our  band 

May  again  be  united; 
But  what  do  we  hear? 

Are  our  hopes  to  be  blighted? 

Has  a  student  from  college 

Enticed  her  away 
From  this  bright  summer  hind? 

Oh,  stay,  daughter,  stay! 

But  who  is  this  student? 

Has  lie  given  his  life 
To  the  cause  of  the  Master, 

Till  endeth  the  strife? 

Is  our  only  daughter 

To  stand  by  his  side 
Till  the  conflict  is  over, 

And  all  have  been  tried? 


148  PERILS   AND   POSSIBILITIES. 

Will  the  Lord  ever  guide  them, 
His  way  let  them  know? 

If  the  Master  has  willed  it, 
Then  go,  daughter,  go. 

But  while  we,  as  pilgrims, 

Are  wandering  still, 
Our  sad  hearts  are  bowing 

To  His  righteous  will. 

As  we  look  through  our  tears, 

We  see,  gleaming  afar, 
The  beautiful  rays 

Of  a  bright  morning  star. 

That  star  of  hope  tells 

Of  a  soon-coming  day, 
When  we'll  meet  our  dear  friends 

Who- are  now  far  away. 

The  flowers  that  have  faded, 

In  freshness  will  bloom; 
On  our  pathway  no  more 

Fall  the  shadows  of  gloom. 

No  longer  we'll  wander 

To  seek  for  lost  sheep, 
But  dwell  in  a  home 

Where  we  never  shall  weep. 

"One  fold  and  one  Shepherd!" 

O  glorious  day, 
When  friends  nevermore 
Will  be  scattered  away! 


BROKEN    BANDS.  149 


And  there  with  her  sheaves 
May  our  dear  Bessie  come, 

And  our  band  be  united 
In  that  happy  home. 

Our  songs  will  be  sweeter 
On  that  shining  strand, 
With  union  forever, 

AND    NO    BROKEN    BAND. 


A  VOICE  FROM  THE  SUMMER  LAND: 

[Written  at  the  World's  Exposition,  New  Orleans,  February  24, 18S5.] 

DEAR  JULIA  :   Your  laughing  card  of  February  20  is 

received.     I  am  glad  to  bear  from  you,  if  you  do  smile  a 

little  sarcastically  at  my  plaintive  lay  of  the  misty  land, 

Of  sunshine  and  showers, 
And  evergreen  bowers, 
Where  the  many  cool- winged  zephyrs 
"Do  not  wait  to  be  invited, 
Do  not  parley  at  the  doorway, 
Do  not  wait  for  word  of  welcome," 
Flutter  round  my  head  so  tamely ; 
While  the  birds  with  happy  voices 
Sing  among  the  trees  so  sweetly; 
While  the  air  is  full  of  fragrance, 
Full  of  zephyrs  swiftly  flying, 
Telling  tales  of  Julia's  ha!  ha! 
Mid  the  snow-drifts  of  the  northland, 
Miles  away  amid  the  snow-drifts, 
Where  the  flakes  like  whitest  feathers, 
Like  a  sea  of  whitest  feathers, 
Spread  a  blanket  o'er  the  country, 
Robe  of  white  o'er  all  the  landscape. 
Turn  about,  ye  northern  zephyrs; 
Change  your  course,  ye  swift-winged  zephyrs. 
Now  I'll  name  you  southern  zephyrs  ; 
And  I'll  send  you  on  a  mission 
To  the  lady  'mid  the  snow-drifts 
(150) 


A    VOICE    FROM    THE    SUMMER    LAND.  151 

Piled  around  her  in  the  northland. 

As  the  bee  amid  the  clover, 

With  his  armor  coated  over 

With  the  pollen  of  the  flower, 

Tarries  not  for  shady  bower, 

Nor  for  sunshine,  nor  for  shower, 

Moves  swift  along  his  trackless  road, 

And  homeward  bears  his  precious  load, 

So,  swift-winged  zephyrs,  quickly  seize 

The  odor  of  the  orange  trees, 

And  grasp  the  sunshine  in  thy  hand, 

And  bear  them  to  that  northern  land. 

Fly  quick,  and  fill  my  lady's  room 

With  sunshine  bright,  and  sweet  perfume; 

And  tell  her,  could  she  come  to  me, 

Swift  sailing  o'er  that  snowy  sea, 

I'd  show  her  where  those  odors  grow ; 

And  where  the  sunshine's  warmer  glow 

Forbids  the  fall  of  winter  snow; 

And  where  the  birds,  in  vernal  bowers, 

Sing  amid  refreshing  showers, 

Making  glad  the  misty  hours. 

Hither,  to  the  Crescent  City, 

Where  the  world  may  find  a  welcome, 

Rushing  hither  o'er  the  railroads, 

On  the  crowded  roaring  steam  cars, 

Hither  drifting  in  the  sailboats, 

In  the  little  boats  with  paddles, 

And  the  mighty  ocean  steamers, 

Plowing  through  the  foaming  billows, 

With  their  flags  of  many  colors, 

Flags  of  every  tribe  and  nation ; 

And  from  all  its  tributaries, 


152  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Down  the  mighty  Mississippi, 
From  the  states  and  territories, 
Floating  down  in  boats  and  barges, 
Rolling  in  from  every  portion 
Of  this  mighty  Union  nation, 
And  from  every  clime  and  country, 
To  this  orange-growing  city, 
To  this  great  warm-hearted  city, 
To  the  noble  Crescent  City, 
Comes  the  wealth  of  earth  and  ocean. 
North  and  south  meet  here  as  brothers, 
Hand  in  hand  as  friendly  brothers; 
East  and  west  shake  hands  together. 
Shadows  of  the  past  forgotten, 
Peace  sits  perched  on  every  banner. 
Richest  ores  from  Rocky  Mountains, 
Sheaves  of  grain  from  all  the  prairies, 
Golden  ears  from  richest  corn  fields, 
Coming  in  from  every  valley. 
Choicest  fruit  from  bending  orchards, 
Fills  the  air  with  welcome  odors. 
Mexico  sends  in  her  silver, 
Mighty  lump  of  shining  silver, 
Lump  of  many  thousand  pounds. 
From  the  desert  comes  the  ostrich, 
And  the  lion  from  the  jungle, 
And  the  leopard  and  the  tiger, 
Here,  within  the  Crescent  City, 
Stand  before  you,  tame  and  harmless, 
Stand  as  emblems  true  and  faithful 
Of  the  better  day  that's  coming. 
And  the  mammoth  elephantus, 
From  the  Arctic  iceberg  region, 


A    VOICE    FROM    THE   SUMMER   LAND.  153 

Where  he  walked  before  the  deluge, 
Like  a  mountain  stands  before  you. 
Every  wonderful  invention — 
Some  for  war,  and  some  for  peace — 
More  than  I  have  time  to  mention, 
Shows  how  ''knowledge"  does  "increase." 
Singing  birds  from  distant  climes, 
With  the  sweetest  clarion  note, 
Shame  the  tolling  brazen  chimes, 
As  warbling  through  the  air  they  float. 
But  what  are  all  these  charms  to  me, 
While  that  cold,  northern,  snowy  sea 
Holds,  and  will  not  let  her  go, 
The  lady  'mid  the  drifts  of  snow? 


THE  BURIAL  MOUND  OF  KALAMAZOO 

1864. 

HERE  peacefully  rest, 
Thou  bold  chief  of  the  wild  men. 
No  warwhoop  shall  wake  thee; 
Thy  battles  are  o'er. 

Here,  'neath  this  green  mound, 
Thy  brave  warriors  around  thee, 
Shall  stir  the  night  air 
With  their  songs  nevermore 

The  smoke  of  thy  wigwam 
With  flown  years  has  vanished. 
The  dust  of  thy  dwelling- 
Is  strewn  o'er  the  plain. 

Thy  "raven-haired  children" 
By  strangers  were  banished ; 
For  none  could  enslave  them, 
Nor  bind  with  a  chain. 

The  feet  of  the  white  men 
Are  trampling  o'er  thee; 
They  rear  their  strange  wigwams 
All  over  the  plain, 

On  the  land  that  was  thine 
And  thy  father's  before  thee; 
But  a  thousand  old  oaks 
To  thy  memory  remain. 
(154) 


THE    BURIAL    MOUND    OF    KALAMAZOO.  155 

Here  still  lives  thy  name, 
As  the  name  of  their  village; 
Tho  all  thy  brave  sons 
Have  been  driven  away ; 

And  that  proud  rolling  river 
That  once  bore  thy  children 
On  its  waves,  while  they  roll, 
Let  thy  name  ever  stay. 

1893. 

Now  where  is  that  nation, 
The  nation  of  wild  men? 
I've  followed  their  trail 
To'rd  the  far-setting  sun. 


It  leads  o'er  the  mountains 
And  down  to  the  ocean. 
Say,  where  is  the  redman, 
His  dog,  and  his  gun  ? 


156  PERILS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 

Sometimes  I  pick  up 

A  stone  arrow  or  hatchet. 

The  hand  that  once  formed  them 

Has  long  been  at  rest. 

From  the  lakes  to  the  gulf, 
And  from  ocean  to  ocean, 
Their  footprints  I  trace, 
Ever  turn  to  the  west. 

And  here,  as  I  stand 
Near  the  rolling  Pacific, 
I  fancy  I  see 
The  last  moccasin  track; 

But  the  undertow  telleth 
No  tale  to  the  white  man ; 
The  treacherous  tide 
Bringeth  no  answer  hack. 


158  APPENDIX. 

No.  2.— BONY  SYSTEM. 


BONES  ( 


Composition 


Form 


Tissues 


Canals 


Joints 


YI   Animal. 
2/z    Mineral. 

/  Long. 
J  Short. 
)  Irregular. 
(  Flat. 

|  Compact. 
(  Cancellous. 

I  Medullary  (marrow  vessels). 
<  Haversian  (blood  vessels). 
(.  Canaliculi  (connect  cells). 

(  Hinge  ~\  Lubricated 

Ball  &  Socket  j-          by 
(  Gliding  j     Synovia. 


22 


("  Head, 

Divisions     j  Trunk,  52  ^  200. 

(  Extremities,   126 

C  Support. 

Functions  -I  Protection. 
(  Motion. 

f  Food. 

/  Necessities  •<  Exercise. 
(  Rest. 


Hygiene 


CARTILAGES. 
LIGAMENTS. 


\  C  Spine. 

v  Habits  Injuring  -j  Ribs. 
(  Feet. 


Periosteum. 


i 

MEMBRANES  •<  Pvudosteurn. 
(  Synovial. 


APPENDIX.  159 

No.  2.— B.  S. 


c. 

lH 

A. 
M. 

F. 

is: 

IF'. 

T. 

{C. 

t  c. 

(  M. 

(m.  v.) 

C. 

H. 

(b.  V.) 

(c. 

(c.  c.) 

\J. 

(  H. 
B. 

(G. 

&  S.  (•  L.  S. 

D. 

(  H 

T. 

IE. 

,      22) 
,       52  }-  200. 
,     126} 

r  s. 

F. 

p- 

(M 

(F. 

(  N 

E. 

IR. 

\  H. 

J 

(H 

rs. 

.  I.     R. 

C. 

L. 

P. 


M.  -(  E. 

S. 


APPENDIX. 

No.  3.—  MUSCULAR  SYSTEM. 
NUMBER:  about  500. 

KINDS  I  Vohlntary  (Exterior). 
1  Involuntary  (Interior). 

f  Head:  Scalp,  Forehead,  Eye,  Ear  Nose 

Mouth. 
DIVISIONS^  Neck:  Front,  Back. 

Trunk:  Exterior,  Interior. 
VExtremities:  Upper,  Lower. 

CONTRACTION:  Controlled  by  Nerves. 

(Backo    Neck. 

MECHANICAL    ^er,  i,  2,  3  j  Foot. 
ACTION  f~      lArm* 

Pullev  J  Kye> 

f  {  Side  of  Neck. 


Symmetry. 


Movement 


'Locomotion. 
Manual  Motion. 


Respiration. 

Digestion. 

Circulation. 


f  Demand  for  rest. 
FATIGUE  j  Stimulants  force. 

(  Farther  waste  of  tissues. 

r  Body  a  Battery. 

/  Breath. 
t  Generated  by  every  ^  ?7ea 

J    W  1  1  1  1C  . 

'  Thought. 


APPENDIX.  161 

No.  4.— MUSCULAR  SYSTEM. 

HYGIENE. 

/Gluten. 

FOOD:  NITROGINOUS  J  Albumen. 
|  Fi brine. 
VCaseine,  etc. 

{Expels  impure  blood. 
Supplies  pure  blood. 
Renews          )  TA-, 
Strengthens  j  Flbers' 
_  ( Wastes      )  „., 

EXERCISE*    Dcficient  J  Weakens  j  Flbers" 


I 


I  Substitutes  fat. 
(  Wears  out   or  j 
Excess      -j  Over-develops  j 

I  Weakens  other  members. 


f  Elastics.          {•°^"^n*J? 
TightShoes.j       Clothing." 

HADITS  J  /Standin     (  Shoulders  round. 

INJURIOUS^  /      wit^  g  •]  Chest  contracted. 

(.  Spine  curved. 

\P< 


Sitting 

\\71  i"Tl 

i  Seat  \  yv 
I  High. 

j  Desk  distant. 

W  1  III 

'  Carelessly. 

Lying 

(Bolster 
(  Wrong  side. 

11 


162  APPENDIX. 

No.  5.— NERVOUS  SYSTEM. 

/^Complex  and  delicate. 

CV11*  I  Groups— ganglia. 
STRUCTURED  (  Central  part  of  body. 

Tr,          (  Bundles. 
V*1       *.  I  Ramifying  through  body. 

CEREBRO-SPINAL  DIVISION. 

'44 — 49 /^  oz.     3  membranes. 


Cerebellum 
Central  ganglia. 


P  A  %rr  T  T  A  J  !  Medu11  oblongata. 

GANGLIA^  Vpineal  gland. 


•a? 


Anterior 


f  Sense. 

(Brain,  9  -j  Face. 
c   •     ii 
SPin^|3 
Cord    J  ° 


SYMPATHETIC    DIVISION. 

f  Connected  by  fibers. 
GANGLIA  -|  Head. 
(  Trunk. 


FIBERS  j 


Follow  blood  vessels. 

Solar  plexus  back  of  stomach. 


APPENDIX.  163 

No.  6.— NERVOUS   SYSTEM. 

PHYSIOLOGY. — THE   BRAIN. 

BRAIN,  seat  of  government;  NERVES,  servants. 
BRAIN,  general  office;  NERVES,  telegraph  lines. 
NERVE  CENTERS,  branch  offices. 

Respiration. 
Heart. 

MEDUSA  controls  action  o«  ^lood  VfeSSels' 

*  Perspiration. 

Swallowing. 
^Speaking. 


PONS  and  OPTIC  LOBE  ]  4  Pleasure, 

^  expressions  y  -r-v 

^  irain,  etc. 

CEREBELLUM  preserves  equilibrium. 

CENTRAL  GANGLIA  {  Rend'  actions  automatic,  and 
*  |  Establish  habits. 

/'Pareital,  psycho-motor  centers. 
I  Temporal  sensory  perceptions. 
'  -4  Occipital,  digestion. 

I  -c^       fol  f  Highest  intellectual  and 
i  pronicii  s  1  c       ij_- 

\  (      moral  faculties. 

Q  p          (  Controls  automatic  action,  and 

D  (  Conducts  sensations  and  volitions. 


CRANIAL  NERVES  {  ^         bofh  motor  and  sensory- 
(  borne  only  one. 


T  Control  nutrition    and  as- 

SYMPATHETIC  NERVES  -j    sociate  parts  so  that  mem- 
(_    bers  suffer  reciprocally. 


164  APPENDIX. 

No.  7.— NERVOUS  SYSTEM. 

PHYSIOLOGY.  — ( Continued. ) 

MIND:  Result  of  brain  action. 

(  Origin,  external  world. 
THOUGHT  -j  Received  through  sensory  organs. 

t  Conducted  by  nerves  to  brain. 
Highest  function  of  brain. 

-~     .  -,      (  Varietv  of 

Desire,   the  prompting  impulse  \  ; 

WlLlX 

No  control  over  functions  of  organic  life. 
Most  of  its  control  acquired  by  education. 
,Sum  of  action  of  all  voluntary  centers. 
/'Record  of  knowledge  acquired. 
I  Impressions  fixed  on  structure  of  brain. 
MEMORY-\  /^Duration  of  sensation. 

I  Number  of  cells  acting 
.Depends  upon^  Frequency  of  ac'ion. 
I  Intensity  of  attention. 
\Association. 

,  Emotions  affect  vasso-motor  center. 
BLUSHING  -f  TTT^,  _r  U1_j  vessels  relax> 


I 


(  Excessive  irritation  of  nerves. 
J  Useful  as  a  warning  of  danger. 
J  Should  always  be  heeded. 
'  Finest  organizations  most  sensitive. 
/Rest  of  cerebrum;  when  perfect,  no  dreams. 
I  Blood  leaves  cerebrum;  returns  quickly  on 
SLEEP  -s       waking. 

I  Will  dormant  during  dreams. 
vSomnambulism:  dream  exaggerated. 

(  Getting  will  inactive,  then 

MESMERISM  •<  Controlling   sensory  centers  through 
(.     senses. 

,,  f  Experiments  upon  the 

ANIMAL  MAGNETISM  |     ^lagination.p 

See  Hand  Book,  pp.  137-156. 


UNIVERSITY 


165 


NO.  8.— NERVOUS  SXSTEM. 

HYGIENE. 

IMPORTANCE  OF  f  Delicate  structure. 
HEALTHY       •<  Constant  use. 
NERVES          (.  Entire  body  depends  upon. 

{Necessary  to  growth  and  development. 
Students   and   ministers   do   not   break 
down  with  mental  overwork. 
Brain  grows  stronger  with  exercise. 

HIGHEST          (  Well  balanced   training  of  all 
MENTAL  HEALTH  -j      the  mental  organs. 
REQUIRES         (_  Sufficient  rest  and  sleep. 

f  Force  exhausted  nerves  to  action, 
STIMULANTS  -j      and  double  the  danger  from  over- 
(_     work. 

/  i .  To  teach  themselves . 

TRUE  TEACHING   )  2.  To  make  right  use  of  knowl- 
PREPARES   PUPILS  j  edge. 

( 3.  To  communicate  it  to  others. 

With   stereotyped   thoughts    (or, 
Do  NOT  CRAM  •{       rather,  expressions)  of  others, 
but 

/To   think,   investigate,    and 
eagerly    drink    from    the 


WAKE   UP    MIND' 


MENTAL 
WORKERS 

LONG- 
LIVED 


fountain  of  knowledge,  as 
the  thirsty  soul  drinks 
water  from  the  cooling 
spring. 

/'Georgias  (rhetorician)     .     108  years 
I  Epimenides  (one  of  seven 

wise  men)       ....     154     " 
•(  Hypocrates  (med.  writer)       99     " 

I  Herodicus 100     " 

I  Galen       .     .     .      nearly     100     " 
vCaruaro 100     " 


166  APPENDIX. 

No.  8.— NERVOUS  SYSTEM. 

MENTAL  WORKERS   LONG-LIVED. — (Continued.') 

Dr.  Madden  gives  twelve  tables,  each  containing 
twenty  names  of  noted  men  in  the  most  prominent 
branches  of  art  and  science. 

Average  age  of  these  240  brain  workers,     66  years. 

'  Home  Hand  Book,"  page  160,  contains 
a  list  of  60  of  the  greatest  modern  brain 
workers,  whose  ages  averaged  a  little 
more  than 82  " 

Dr.  Geo.  M.  Beard  says:    Five  hundred 

of  the  greatest  men  in  history  averaged  64:20  " 

Again  he  says: 

"  i.  Brain  workers  live  much  longer  than  muscle 
workers. 

"2.  Brain  and  muscle  workers  live  longer  than 
those  who  are  only  muscle  workers. 

"3.  The  greatest  brain  workers  live  longer  than 
ordinary  brain  workers." 


APPENDIX. 


167 


No.    9.— SENSORY  SYSTEM. 

(<***{§&, 

)  /Elastic  fibers. 

SKIN,  2  layers  (  I  Blood  vessels. 

)  I  Nerve  filaments. 

ICutis  vera<  Lymphatics. 
\UU1  *\  Hair  follicles. 

I  Fat  glands. 
MUSCLES.  I  Sweat  glands. 

\Tactile  corpuscles. 
'Mucous  membrane. 

TONGUE, 

21  §  Taste  educated. 

Asafetida,  garlics. 
C  Mucous  membrane. 
NOSE  j  Nerves. 

( Nerve  filaments.     Pleasure.     Warning. 


External 
Tympanum 


EAR, 
Ps.  94 :  9 


Labyrinth 

Hearing 

Pitch 


/  Orbit. 
EYEJ?ye-lids' 


Eustacian  (  Connection. 
tube       (  Use. 

(Malleus  (mallet). 
Bones  •<  Ineus  (anvil). 

(  Stapus  (stirrup). 
Muscles,  3  most  delicate. 
Vestibule. 
Cochlea. 

Semicircular  canals. 
Fluid. 

Sack  suspended  by  braces. 
Nerve  filaments. 
Main-  cells  line  sack. 
Otoliths  (ear  sand). 


)  Lachrymal  Ap. 
(Eyeball. 


168  AtPENDIX. 

No.  io.— THE   EYE.— Ps.  94:9. 


f  Brows  conduct  away  perspiration. 
ORBIT  •<  Nerve  orifices. 
(  Fatty  cushion. 

(  Mucous  membrane. 
EYELIDS  •<  Eyelashes. 

t  Sebaceous  glands  oil  the  edges. 


LACHRYMAL 
APPARATUS 


Lachrymal  gland. 

Nasal  duct. 

Lachrymal  fluid  keeps  ball  clean. 


Sclerotic 


White. 
Cornea. 


/"Tunics  C  Blood  vessels. 

Choroid  -j  Dark  lining. 

(.  Ciliary  muscle. 

^Retina  (nerve  ends). 

EYEBALL  </  (  Crystalline  lens. 

Humors  •!  Aqueous. 
(.  Vitreous. 

{Front,  colored. 
Back,  black. 
Pupil. 
' 


( Light   passes   through   the   two 
How    WE    SEE,  )      lenses  (cornea  and  crystalline), 
Matt.  6  :  22        j      and  forms  an  inverted  image 
V     on  the  retina. 


APPENDIX.  169 

No.  ii.— CIRCULATORY  SYSTEM. 

(Auricle. 
Ventricle. 
Valves  {Tri-cuspid. 
(  Semi-lunar. 
('  Auricle. 
)  Ventricle. 

(  Valves 

\Pericardium. 

f  Innominate, 
f  Aorta  -<  Carotid. 
'Arteries  -<  (  Subclavian. 

(.  Pulmonary. 
BLOOD     '  Capillaries,  ^.V^  of  an  inch. 


HEART 


1  Left 


|  Bi-cuspid. 
(  Semi-lunar. 


VESSELS 


.Veins 


LYMPHATICS. 


Differ 

from 

arteries 


{More  numerous. 
Flaccid  walls. 
Valve?,  i  inch. 


Connecting 


cava 


A. 

D. 


|  Portal. 
(  Hepatic. 
|  Innominate. 
(  Jugular. 


C  Systemic. 
SYSTEMS  -<  Pulmonary. 
(  Portal. 
'Heart. 
Arteries. 
Capillaries. 
<   Muscles. 

Valves  of  veins. 
Lungs. 
.Heart. 

J  Sympathetic  nerve  accelerates  heart. 
REGULATORS  <  P^umogastric    »    retards 


FORCES 


Vaso-motor 


(  Contracts  f  Walls  of 
\  Relaxes     (  arteries. 


170  APPENDIX. 

No.  12.— CIRCULATORY  SYSTEM. 

HYGIENE. 

'Sends  blood  to  heart. 
Heart  beats  faster. 
Impure  blood  to  lungs. 
EXERCISED  Lungs  act  faster. 

Returns  pure  blood  to  heart. 
Heart  sends  it  on  to  all  tissues. 
^Heart  and  blood  vessels  made  strong. 


^  (  Ruptures  blood  vessels. 

EXCESS  <  Tears  heart  valves> 


(  Equal  temperature. 
CLOTHING  -j  Most  need  at  extremities. 
(Unequal,  fatal. 

(  P  (Warmth. 

CONSTRICTION  \  :s  |  Nutrition. 

(injures  internal  organs. 

Poor,  poor  blood,  poor  tissues. 

FOOD       .-^  I  Blood  cl°g§'ed- 
l  Liver  sluggish. 


C  Paralyzes  heart. 

COLD  •<  Stimulants  lower  temperature. 
(.  Oil  bath  protects. 


,-,    t  ^  S  Hot  rooms. 
HKAT1  Heat  stroke. 


APPENDIX. 

No.  13.— RESPIRATORY  SYSTEM. 

ANATOMY. 


(  Anterior. 
Nose  nares      Posterior_ 


171 


AIR 
PASSAGES 


Mouth  pharyux. 

f  Cartilage  rings, 
Trachea,  or  wind-pipe  -<      connected  by 

(^     membranes. 

(  Epiglottis.     ,  T^  , 
Larynx  1  ^s  °,         ,    f  False. 
(\ocal  cords 


Bronchial  tubes.     Mucous  current. 


/Lobules,  each  15  to  20  cells  (1,700,000,000 
|      cells). 

'Mucous,  2,000  sq.  ft. 
Capillaries  cover  1,500  sq.  ft. 
LUNGS   Membranes^  Corpuscles  pass  single  iile. 
Blood,  15  barrels  per  day. 
.Serous  (pleura). 

Lobes    I  RiSht'  3- 
'    I  Left,  2. 

{Ribs. 
Vertebrae. 
Sternum. 
Muscles. 
Diaphragm. 

THORAX -\  Membrane  j  Pleura. 


^Contents 


(Lung. 
)  Heart. 

)  Largest  blood  vessels. 
( Important  nerves. 


172  APPENDIX. 

No.  14.—  RESPIRATORY  SYSTEM. 


PHYSIOLOGY. 


(  inspiration 

MOVEMENTS  <  >  Relax  diaphragm. 

v  Expiration  -j  Lower  ribs. 

(.  Contract  lungs. 

f  Abdominal, 

KINDS  OF  RESPIRATION  -j  Inferior  costal, 

(  Superior  costal. 
Once  to  four  heart-beats. 

Increased    by   exercise,     stimulation, 

heat. 
Diminished  by  sleep,  cold. 

'Area,  320  cubic  inches. 
Ordinary  respiration,  20  cu.  in. 
LUNG     J  After  ordinary  respiration,  100  more. 
CAPACITY  \  100  always  remains  for  contingencies. 
Vital  capacity,  175  —  255  cu.  in. 
.Increased  by  training. 

{Oxygen,  .21.     Element  most  essen- 
Nitrogen,  .79  (to  dilute  oxygen). 
Carbonic  acid,  .0004  (plant  food). 
Impurities. 

C  Loss,  oxygen,  i  cu.  in. 
MR  CHANGED  BY  ,  ^^  add   ,  cu 

RESPIRATION     |  Gain    Watery  yaor|  t  cu  in 


.  Organic  matter,  i  cu.  in. 
BLOOD     (  Loses  carbonic  acid,  water,  heat. 
CHANGED  {  Oains  f  Oxygen. 

s  |  Brighter  color. 

RESPIRATION  OF  (  Not  more  than  one-fortieth  that 
THE  SKIN        (     of  the  lungs. 


APPENDIX. 


173 


No.  15.-  DIGESTIVE  SYSTEM. 


ANATOMY. 


'Lips. 
Tongue, 


MOUTH 


Salivary  glands  {  g^8- 


Saliva,  3  pints  per  day. 
S  incisors. 
V  Teeth  -j  4  cuspids. 
(^  20  molars. 

ESOPHAGUS.     COATS  {  Mus=ul«  {  Jg^. 

I  Mucous. 
/Capacity,  i  to  2  quarts. 

/Serous,      f  Linear    ) 
Muscular  -<  Circular  >  Layers. 

(  Oblique  j 

STOMACH^  Coats-!  ^'Peptic  glands. 

Blood  vessels. 
Lymphatics. 

Mucous 


k  Mucous 


DUODENUM  \ 


SMALL 
INTESTINE  ) 


COLON 


Muscular 


Peritoneum. 

{Linear 
Circular 
(  Epithelium. 
Mucous 
Ileocaecal  valve 
Ascending 
Transverse 
Descending 

f  Peritoneum 
Coats  •<  Muscular. 
(  Mucous. 


pints. 


(  Intestinal  juice. 


LIVER  PRODUCES  j 

PANCREAS  produce  pancreatic  juice. 


174 


APPENDIX. 

No.  1 6. —DIGESTION. 


M.— Mouth. 
S. — Stomach. 
Iv. — Liver. 
P. — Pancreas. 
I. — Intestines. 


S.— Saliva. 

G. — Gastric  Juice. 

B.— Bile. 

P. — Pancreatic  Juice. 

I. — Intestinal  Juice. 


St. — Starch. 
A  — Albumen. 
F.— Fat. 
Sa.— Salts. 
Su. — Sugar. 


Each  organ  produces  the  juice  with  which  the  line 
connects  it. 

Each  juice  digests  the  elements  with  which  the  line 
connects  it 


APPENDIX. 


175 


HASTY 
EATING 


No.  17.—  DIGESTION. 

HYGIENE. 

Mastication      (  Imperious. 
(insufficient)  (  Irritating. 
/Softening. 
Insalivation     I  ^^stion  (sali- 

(insufficient)  |  c.  .vary  ..  >  Deficient. 

I  Stimulation        { 

V     (gastric) 
(  Mechanical  action. 
Fermentation  . 
Inflammation  m.  m. 
Dilation. 
Congestion  liv. 
Sluggishness. 
(  Congestion. 
Indigestion  -j  Catarrh. 

(.  Impure  blood. 

DRI^INGj  Weakens  }  Gastric  luice- 

)  Cold  checks  digestion- 
V  Heat  relaxes,  weakens. 


Over-eating 


MEALS 


EATING  ( 
) 


0 

( 

/ 

EATING  ) 

TIRED  "j 

( 


SLEEPING 
APTER 

MEALS 


Fermentation,  if  long  retained. 

Sleep  retards  digestion. 

Digestion,  5  h.  +  rest,  i  h.  =  6  h.  x  3  -  18  h. 

Sleep,  8h.  +  i8h.=26h. 

Tired  stomach,  weak. 
Third  meal  comes  when  exhausted. 
Violent  exercise  diverts  vital  energy. 
Two  dogs:  one  ran  all  day. 

/-Digestion     )  ^ 

|  Respiration  I  DePend  uPon  nervous  ac 
J  Circulation  ) 

7  organs. 


Pneumogastric  ( 

nerve  controls        °mac- 
(  Intestines. 


176  APPENDIX. 

No.  1 8.— DIGESTION. 

HYGIENE. 

MANY  VARIETIES  I  Tempt  to  over-eatinS- 

JETIES  |  Digestive  juices  unsuited. 

BATHING       f  Hot,  draws  blood  to  surface. 
AFTER  MEALS  (  Cold,  congests  stomach. 

(  What  is  needed  and 
QUANTITY  |  Canbedigested 

T?  T?  ^  f  Excludes  juices. 

EXCESS  OF  I- AT  I  Produces  £utyric  acid- 

'Mustard       \  ( Irritate. 

Pepper          (  J  Diminish  secretion. 

Cinnamon     |  j  Stimulate. 

CONDIMENTS^  Cloves,  etc.  /  '  Chronic  diseases. 

(  Antiseptic. 
.     1  Irritant. 
:   j  Mineral,  not  food, 
v  Unnecessary. 

f  Farther  fermentation  than  alcohol. 
VINEGAR  -<  Irritating. 

(  Diminishes  secretion  of  gastric  juice. 

Tannin  precipitates  pepsin. 

C  Weaken  gastric  juice. 
TEA  AND^  Dilute  -j  Overtax  absorbents. 
COFFEE    \  t  Cause  fermentation. 


P 

1  n; 


^      f  Stimulate. 
Hot|  Relax. 


HARD  WATER  j  M™nesia  }  Neutralize  gastric  j. 


APPENDIX. 


177 


No.  19.— FOOD  ELEMENTS. 


NlTROGINOUS 


Animal 


(  Albumen  in  eggs. 
J  Fibrine    in    blood 
J      tissues. 
V  Caseine  in  milk. 


and 


Vegetable 


Veg.  alb.  in  oatmeal. 

legu- 


)  Gluten  in  wheat. 

I 


CARBON- 
ACEOUS 


Caseine    in 
mmous. 

(Fruits   soluble  by 
ripening. 
Vegetables  solu- 
ble by  cooking. 
Grains  soluble  by 
cooking. 

Saccharine  /'Cane,   cane   trees, 

I      beet,  date,  etc. 
N3ugar<  Grape,    glucose, 

grape,  etc. 
V Lactose,  milk. 

C  Oleine        ")    (  Animal,  in  cells. 
"   4  Margarine  [  4  Veg.,  with 
(Stearine     J    ( Alb.  and  inorg. 

f  Potash. 
Phosphates  and  carbonates  -<  Soda. 


INORGANIC  -j 

t  Chlorides  j 

INNUTRITIOUS  Cellulose 


(.  Lime. 


/Dogs  starved  in  I  month  on  alb.,  fib.,  or  gel. 

FOOD      I  l    "  same'artificiallymixe(l- 

I  Goose  starved  in  26  days  on  white  of  egg. 
ELEMENTS!       <«  «  21  days  on  sugar. 

"\   2  geese   "  24  and  27  days  on  starch. 

I  Dogs  50  days  on  white  bread. 

I  Dogs  retained  health  on  graham  bread. 
!  Dogs  on  salts  from  flesh  starved  sootier  than 
^     on  nothing. 
12 


NOT 
FOOD 


178 


APPENDIX. 

• 

No.  20.— FOOD. 


Teeth. 
)  Chewing. 
Structure  <  Salivary  glands. 

V  Length  of  al.  canal. 

(  Romans. 

2.  Early  history  -<  Grecians. 
VEGETABLE^  ( Egyptians. 

Present  inhabitants. 

(  Longer  life. 

4.  Experience  J  Greater  endurance, 
proves        j  Superior  development 
I  Less  disease. 

/•Diseases  of  animals. 
j  Putrefaction  (rapid). 
ANIMAL-!  Immoral  (unnecessary). 
(  Excretion. 
.Stimulant  ]  Extract. 
(  Effects. 


(  i  diseased. 
'London  |  ^QO  tons  daily> 

Epidemic  floods  markets. 

Not  i  in  100  healthy  livers  in  hogs. 

Consumption  among  cattle  (Dr.  Bell). 

ir    (500  cases  typhoid. 
Typhoid  calf  |  |Qme  died> 

/Origin,  cyst  in  meat. 

(Pork. 

,  Kinds  ]  -r,     f 
apeworm  4 

Taking  in  the 


DISEASED. 


APPEXDIX. 

No.  21.— FOOD. 

DISEASED   FLESH. 

/In  lean  flesh  of  pork,  -^  x  o( 
Develops  visible  in  stomach! 
One  produces  1,000  or  more. 


179 


in. 


f  Through    walls    of 
^[Penetrate •<    int.  or  blood  ves- 
(   sels. 

Young7  Penetrate  sheath  of  fibers. 

i  Encapsulated. 
TRICHINA/  I  Carbonate  of  lime. 

VRemain  during  life. 

First   like  I  Cholera  morbus,  or  dysen- 
'  1      tery. 

C  Rheumatism. 

After,  like  -j  Cerebro-s.  meningitis. 
(  Typhoid  fever. 

Chicago  {  I  !n  4°  (a  while  ago). 
(  i  in  12  (now). 

Squirrel,  rabbit,  dog. 
/  Horse,  elephant. 

Sheep;    2,000,000  in   England  an- 
nually. 

Thousands  in  America. 
Flat,  oval,  like  a  leaf. 
LIVER  FLUKED  Live  on  bile. 

Obstruct  gall-duct. 

Bile  absorbed. 

Skin  yellow. 

Sheep  dies  full  of  disease. 


Hatch  in  water. 

Fasten  to  watercress,  etc. 


180  APPENDIX. 

No.  22.— FOOD. 

DISEASED    FLESH. 

f  Strongylus  filaria  causes 
LUNG  PARASITE  |  Diseafey  like  consumption. 

/'Biliousness,  jaundice,  etc.,  cause 

diseased  liver. 
BILIOUS  BEASTS^ 

f  Nailed,    blinded,    stuffed 
VGeese  -]      in  dark  room,  and  fed 
(^      antimony. 

WILD  GAME  j  Found  in  duck,  bear,  and  in  ten  per 
PARASITES   j      cent,  of  ham. 

(  Struggle  in  trap      ^  R     -d   de 
ABUSED  ANIMALS  <  Whipping  to  death  y      £ 
{  Worrying  by  dogs  J 


/'From  diseased  animals. 

I  Absorbing  germs. 
BIASED  J  Watering  cows  in  barn.yard- 

I  Poison  or  impure  food. 
VSwill  feed,  swill  milk. 


Ergot | 


Ergotism. 

Gerebro-spinal  meningitis. 
DISEASED 


Corn  fungus,  pellagra,  Lombardy. 


Rust. 
Smut  bolls. 


VEGETABLES  " 


.  I  Midge. 

ANIMAL    I  Eargcockle. 

PARASITES^  Meal  mite 

sSugar  mite  (acarus  sacchari). 


APPENDIX.  181 

No.  23.—  FOOD. 

Fish  the  most  dangerous. 

( 
| 


Bread 


.  t     (  400  cases  in  so  years 
Sausage,  mouldy 

j       «, 
Cheese  j 
Meat,  high. 
Eggs,  stale. 

C  Decay. 
Cheese  -j  Skipper. 

(  Cheese  mite. 

YEAST,  ferments  bread,  beer,  wine,  cider,  ete, 

f  Old  cheese. 
GREEN  MOULD  -j  Stale  bread. 

(.      "         "      poisoned  family. 

{Immature. 
Decaying. 
Absorbed  gr.ses. 
Sprouted. 


ADULTERATIONS. 

/Alum;  detect  with  logwood  (claret  color). 

BREAD  J  Sulpha-e  of  c°PPer  (rarely). 

\  Blue  vitriol;  detect  with  prussiate  of  potash 
\      (chocolate). 

FLOUR,  alum,  ground  rice,  sand. 

('  Salt,  starch. 

BUTTER  J  C  Gypsum. 

(  Annotto  •]  Red  lead. 

(Blue  vitriol. 

(  Lard. 
OLEOMARGARINE  -j  Tallow. 

(  Fibers  and  membranes. 


182  APPENDIX. 

No.  24.—  FOOD  ADULTERATIONS. 


/Salt,  water,  annotto. 
I  Sheep's  brains. 
<  Burnt  sugar,  lead. 
I  Un  ventilated  stalls. 
\Farrow,  becomes  an  excretion. 


,  cotton  I  Boiled  in  suipimric  acid. 
Woody  fiber     j 

SUGARS  plaster5  clay> 

Bone-dust. 
(^Chloride  of  tin. 

f  Adulterated  with  corn  starch. 
SYRUP  •]  Potato  starch. 

(  Sulphuric  acid,  iron. 

!  Glucose. 
Sulphuric  acid. 
Cane  sugar  and  flavorings. 
Feeding  glucose. 

r  ATIT.V  I  Glucose>  gyPsum>  terra-alba. 

\  Colorings — 24  kinds,  rank  poison. 

^Neutralizes  gastric  juice. 
Headache,  consumption. 
Dysentery,  palpitation. 

BAKING  )  ^lum<  Congestion      ")  Mucous  mem- 
\  Inflammation  j      brane. 

f  Sickness. 
^Dogs  4  Vomiting. 

(  Prefer  starvation, 


APPENDIX. 
No.  25.—  FOOD  ADULTERATIONS. 


f  Skimmed  milk  and  tallow. 

CHERSE  •<  Anuotto,  red  lead,  and  salts  of  copper. 
(Rind  (corrosive  sublimate,  mercury). 

f  Red  coloring. 
CANNED  FRUITS  j  Fuchine,  analine. 

(  Salts  of  copper,  lead. 


/'Sulphuric  acid,  sulphur. 
J  Salicylic  acid. 


PRESERVING 

FLUID       "j  Fuchine,  analine. 

V  Copper  (from  kettle). 

f  Rarely  pure. 
JELLIES  -j  Gelatine,  analine,  and 

(  Other  dyes.    (Avoid  all.) 


FRUIT 
ESSENCE 


f  Alcohol. 
Pineapple  -<  Butyric,  ether. 
(Oil  of  vitriol. 

(  Alcohol. 

Quince  •]  Oil  of  rue. 
(Aqua  fortis. 

r  Alcohol 

I  Fusel  oil. 

Pear"\  Acetate  of  potash. 
I  Sulphuric  acid. 
VOil  of  vitriol. 

T  Sulphuric  acid. 
Apple  I  Fusel  oil. 

^  Valerianic  acid. 


184  APPENDIX. 

No.  26.—  FOOD  ADULTERATIONS. 


CANNED  (  -^ecay  Def°re  and  after  canning. 

MEATS  j  Coloring  to  hide  dirt- 

(.  Horses'  tongues  and  flanks. 

C  Horse-flesh. 
SAUSAGES  •<  Dogs,  cats. 
(  Hogs. 

VINEGAR,  sulphuric  acid,  oil  of  vitriol. 

(  Sulphuric  acid. 
PICKLES  •}  Salts  of  copper. 

(  Copper  kettle  (or  pennies). 

f  Sulphuric  acid. 
LEMON  JUICED  Zinc. 

(  Oxalic  acid. 


/^Prussian  blue,  indigo. 
I  Black  lead,  iron,  Venetian  red. 
^  Carbonate  of  copper,  copperas. 
I  Bichromate  of  potash. 
\Paris  green,  sulphate  of  lime. 


f  Chicory,  tan  bark. 
COFFEE  -j  Venetian  red. 
(_  Horse  livers. 


CAYENNE  PEPPER  | 


Red  lead. 

sulphuret  of  mercury. 


ARTIFICIAL  CIDER  {  ^ugfar'. yeas'" 
(  Tartanc  acid. 


COMPOSITION 


APPENDIX. 
No.  27.— WATER. 

(  Volume  j1  Oxygen. 
)  (  2  Hydrogen. 

(weight!8  S^gen> 

(  i  Hydrogen. 


185 


{Chalk       \  (-Torpid  liver. 

Gypsum    (  1  Biliary  ) 

Iron  j  J  Renal      [  Calculi. 

Magnesia  j  (  Urinary  } 


.Decomposing  {  ^-1. 


Animalcules. 
Germs. 


ORGANIC    /  0 

„  \  Sources 


IMPURITIES 


Effects 


^Sewers. 

Cess-pools. 

Barn-yards. 

Vaults. 

Dead  animals. 
Lice  (impure). 

fever. 
Other  diseases. 


Remove  with  good  filter. 
\Avoid  causes. 


/'Circulation. 

USES  <  TemPerature  (regulation), 
j  Cleansing, 
v  Dissolving. 


186 


APPENDIX. 


SKIN  ; 


No.  28.— EXCRETORY  SYSTEM. 

ORGANS. 

Sweat  glands  (tube,  duct,  valve). 

Hair  protects  from  heat,  cold,  friction,  dust. 

Sebaceous  glands  discharge  fat  into  hair  foli- 

cles. 
Nails  grow  from  fold  of  skin.     Protect. 

/Excretion. 
I  Respiration. 
\  Functions^?  Absorption. 
I  Protection. 
\Sensation. 

Natural  instinct. 

Excretion. 


f  Surface  decay. 
Prevents  4  Colds. 


(4  to  6  oz.  each. 
Minute  outer  sacs. 
Small  tubes  lead  to 
Pelvis  of  kidney. 
Ureter  leads  to 
Bladder. 
Urine  contains  urea  (poison). 

LIVER  (4to5lbs. 

-j-  •<  Lobules  -gV  inch  in  diameter. 

(  Connect  with  portal  and  hepatic  veins. 

EXCRETIONS. 
Sweat,  mucous,  carbonic  acid,  bile,  urine. 


APPENDIX.  187 

No.  29.— STIMULANTS  AND  NARCOTICS. 

/Wine  (grapes). 


Beer{  Barley. 
•r  I  Hops. 

TA  .   jj  Cider  (hard). 

-Fermented<  Perry  (pears). 

Pulque  (cactus). 

Chica  (corn  chewed). 

Palm  wine. 

Milk  beer. 
^Arrack. 


STIMULANTS^ 


{Alcohol. 
Gin  (corn  and  juniper  b.) 
Whisky  (grain,  potatoes). 
Rum  (sugar,  molasses). 
Brandy  (grape,  peach,  etc.) 


^Tobacco,  used  by  900,000,000. 
Opium,  400,000,000. 

Betel  nut,     "         100,000,000. 
Tea,  coffee. 
Cocoa,  chocolate. 
iHashish  (Indian  hemp). 

?ttuce,  hops. 
NARCOTICS  (  Mate  (Paraguay  tea),  40,000,000. 


[Absinthe 


Wormwood 
Alcohol 


French. 


Saki,  Greeks 

Samshoo,  Chinese    ^-Rice. 
Sacio,         Japanese  ) 


188  APPENDIX. 

NO.  30.— ALCOHOL. 

METHYLIC  (wood  naphtha),  wood      .     .     C    H4  O. 
ETHYLIC  (wine  spirits)      .     grains    .     .     C2  H&  O. 

PROPYLIC beets      .     .     C3  Hs  O. 

BUTYLIC beets      .     .     C4  HioO. 

AMYLIC  (fusel  oil)    .     .     .     potatoes      .     C5  Hi2  O. 

/  Antiseptic. 
CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES^  ^ 

(Volatile.  ' 

/  Irritant.  Prov.  23  :  32. 
ANTI- VITAL)  Stimulant;-  Isa.  5:11. 
PROPERTIES  j  Narcotic.  Lev.  10:  i,  9,  10. 

(Anaesthetic.     Prov.  23  :  35. 

EFFECTS. 
Burns  skin,  mucous  membrane. 

Beats    f  i  oz.  430. 
(extra)  (  8  oz.  25488. 

}  AJ-taiL  j  Force,    (  254,880  Ibs. 
(Nerves1  (  8oz.     1    (127  tons). 

PARALYZES  ^  ^  Optic,  taste, 

j  Brain. 
•  Liver  (cells). 

Heart,  liver. 


Inflames  eye,  liver,  brain,  stomach  (blood-shot). 

Neutralizes  digestive  juices. 

Desiccates  blood,  brain. 

Catarrh  mucous  membrane. 

Decreases  animal  heat. 

Tans  stomach  (dyspepsia). 

p  (  Ulcers,  cancers,  blindness,  rum  blossom. 

CAUSES  -j  Qonsujnption,  insanity,  idiocy. 


APPENDIX. 

No.  31.— ALCOHOL. 

EFFECTS. 
Shortens  Life. 

Increases  mortality  500  per  cent. 
One  dies  every  2^  minutes  in  Europe  and  America. 
At  20,  abstainers  may  live  44^  years. 
At  20,  drinkers  may  live  is/4  years. 
150,000  Americans  annually  to  drunkards'  graves. 
System  treats  alcohol  as  poison  (leaving  unchanged). 

Annual  Income. 
Tax  on  liquor          ....         $60,000,000 

Cost  in  United  States. 

Liquor  (at  retail)     ....  $900,000,000 

Criminal 328,000,000 

500,000  dealers'  time           .          .  150,000,000 

1,000,000  drinkers'  time   .         .  .      100,000,000 

800,000  paupers'  time          .         .  100,000,000 

800,000  paupers'  expense        .  .      100,000,000 

40,000,000  bushels  grain          .         .  22,000,000 


$1,700,000,000 

Maniacs  and  idiots. 
Accidents. 


190 


APPENDIX. 


OPPOSITION 


No.  32.— TOBACCO. 
ORIGIN,  Cuba,  November,  1492. 

Russia — i    bastinado,    2    nose   off,    3 
death. 

Pope  Innocent   XII. — excommunica- 
tion. 

Persia,  Switzerland,  )  0,  .  ,  1 
^Connecticut,  Boston,  }  Strlct  laws" 

'Most  deadly  poison,  except  Prussic  acid. 
Nicotine,  380  gr.  in  a  pound;  kill  300  men. 
TV  gr.  kill  dog  in  3  minutes. 
Drop  kill  snake  quick  as  lightning. 
NATURE^  Applied  to  sore,  produces  death. 

Applied  to  skin,  produces  sickness. 

'Pyridine   picoline,   sulphuretted 

H. 

Carbon-di-oxide,  prussic  acid. 
1,400  sq.  ft.  membrane. 
.Vol.  blood  passes  in  3  min. 

Giddiness,  nausea,  deadly  sickness. 
Fluttering  of  the  heart. 
Blood  fluid  thin  and  pale. 
Corpuscles  shriveled. 
Vital  resistance  less. 
Disposes  to  disease. 
Smokers'  sore  throat. 
Consumption. 
EFFECTS^  Heart  disease  (palpitation). 

^Dyspepsia  (stomach  paralyzed). 

'Cancer  {  5  ™omen  to  *  man; 

(  3  times  men  on  lip  and  tongue. 

Paralyzes  nerves,  unsteady. 
Blindness". 

Hereditary  tendency. 
Moral  sense  blunted. 
Conscience  deadened. 


1 

V 


APPENDIX. 

No.  33.— AIR. 


191 


IMPURITIES 


Kinds^ 


Gases 


/  Carbonic  acid. 
J  Carbonic  oxide. 
J  Ammonia. 
(.Sulphuretted  hydro. 


Sources  < 


VENTILATION 


Germs,  spores,  animalcules. 

Dust. 

Organic  poison. 

Cellars,  mould}'  walls. 
Barn-yards,  hen-coops. 
Pig-pens,  decaying  animal 

and  vegetable  matter. 
Vaults,  drains. 
Cess-pools,  feather  beds. 
Lamp  smoke. 

Soiled  clothing,  wall  paper. 
Breath,  i  cu.  in.  C.  A.  spoils 

3  cu.  ft. 


I  breath  expels  i  cu.  in.  carbonic  a. 
i  breath  spoils    3  cu.  ft.  air. 
i  person      "      60         "       permin 
i  "  3600         "       per  hour 


Room 


9x10x10  =  900  sq.  ft. ;  air 
spoiled  by  one  in  15  min. 

1 8  x  20  x  10,  air  spoiled  by 
one  in  i  hour. 


(  Heated  shaft. 
Requisites'  Entrance  for  pure  warm 


air. 
Low  exit  for  foul  air. 


192 


PURPOSES. 


APPENDIX. 

No.  34.— CLOTHING. 
'Modesty.  Modesty,  Gen.  3:7. 

C  Quality, 

;  Degree  -j       Hag.  i  :  6. 
(  Quantity. 
/Head. 
Uniformity  |Extrem. 
^Protection.  (      ities. 

'Natural  form;    Gen.  i  :  27;    i  Cor.  6  : 


DHMANBS 

(PHYSICAL) 


circulation. 

.Free  respiration. 


Can  man  improve  the  Creator's  plan?  Ps.  139 :  14-16. 

I  Nerves. 
Ribs. 
Cartilages. 
Lung?' 
Stomach. 
Liver. 
Blood. 


ERRORS 


.   .        f  Form  of  foot. 
Tight  shoes  injure  |  circulation 

TTio-Ti  heek  i  CriPPle  walk"      Isa'  3  =  16. 
^igh  heels  |  Deform  body> 

^.     ..      (  Check  circulation. 
Elastics  |  Wast£  Ussues 

^.   ,  .     ,          f  Check  circulation. 
Tight  gloves  |  Weaken 


APPENDIX.  .  193 

No.  35.— BATHING. 
Diluent,  increases  circulation. 

WATER  J  Solvent  I  I"creases  excretion. 

(  increases  assimilation. 

.Modifies  temperature. 

'Contracts  capillaries. 
Prolonged,  diminishes  blood  supply. 
COUD^  Brief,  increases. 

I  Reduces  pulse,  ten  to  twenty  beats. 
\Reduces  temperature  of  body. 

Expands  capillaries. 

(  Blood  supply. 
Increases  \  0.      ,  , 

(  Circulation. 

HOT 

(above  98°)     T  f  Vital         )  A   .. 

Increases  |  Chemical  |  Action. 

Absorbs  heat  from  bath. 
Prolonged,  faintness. 

Diminishes  {  Pulsatio»- 
(  Respiration. 


( 8^-R8°)  \  Increases  animal  heat. 

'  1  Favorable  to  natural  functions. 
May  be  safely  prolonged. 
,One  case,  nine  months. 

SYMPATHETIC  I  One  foot  in  cold  water' 

C  I  The  other  becomes  warm. 

T  Spray  cools  by  evaporation. 
MODES  •<  Packings  produce  perspiration. 
(  Alternate  stimulant  (revulsive), 
13 


W.    C.    T.    U.    TEMPLE. 


r  v. \  w  "     ^  r  ^v 
or  THE        X 

UNIVERSITY  ) 

or      y 


